Cognitive approach

Question 1

the cognitive approach argues that internal mental processes can be studied

Answer 1

scientifically

Question 2

cognitive approach focuses on how

Answer 2

our mental processes affect behaviour

Question 3

cognitive processes

Answer 3

refers to how knowledge is gained and learned and retained

Question 4

internal mental processes

Answer 4

humans are seen as info processors and the main concern is how info received from our senses is processed by the brain
looks at how cognitive functions work to help make sense of the world

Question 5

internal mental processes examples

Answer 5

problem solving
thinking
perception
attention
memory
language

Question 6

inference

Answer 6

act of drawing a conclusion from evidence and reasoning
we use clues from observable behaviour to build an explanation

Question 7

inference needs to be informed by

Answer 7

a theoretical model that can make sense and combine evidence into an explanation

Question 8

the mind is compared to

Answer 8

a computer, in the way information is processed
the CPU is the brain
the coding= info changed into a useable format
stores= sensory/LTM/STM

Question 9

schema

Answer 9

mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence processing and interpretation of our world

Question 10

how are schemas developed

Answer 10

from our experiences, upbringing and culture

Question 11

schemas are useful as they help us to

Answer 11

make it easier to predict behaviour

Question 12

schemas can be less helpful because

Answer 12

they lead to bias and generalisation

Question 13

computational and theoretical models: development of AI

Answer 13

computational models allow ai to predict outcomes and simulate human-like tasks, aswell as letting AI adopt psychological principles to train the systems

Question 14

computational and theoretical models: models are oversimplified

Answer 14

ignore social and environmental contexts, e.g., SLT = observation and social interaction, which are hard to model
involves elements like consciousness, free will= hard to replicate
theoretical models fail to capture the dynamic nature of the mind-MMM for oversimplifying memory

Question 15

1860s Paul Broca

Answer 15

identified how damage to an area of frontal lobe permanently impairs speech production

Question 16

fMRI and PET scans

Answer 16

describes locations and neurological basis of disorders and mental processing, eg Bruckner and Petersen could see the location of different types of LTM in the prefrontal cortex

Question 17

OCD in PET scans

Answer 17

indicate high activity in the OFC, the area associated with conversion of sensory info into high thought processes

Question 18

computer generated models in neuroscience application

Answer 18

analyse brain wave pattern of eyewitnesses to determine lies

Question 19

speech production in the brain

Answer 19

Brocas area

Question 20

language comprehension

Answer 20

werneiche’s area

Question 21

right hand body movements

Answer 21

left motor cortex

Question 22

episodic LTM

Answer 22

hippocampus

Question 23

procedural LTM

Answer 23

cerebellum

Question 24

emotional regulation

Answer 24

amyglada

Question 25

cognitive approach: machine reductionism

Answer 25

analogy means human emotion and motivation is ignored
e.g, studies show memory can affect emotions like anxiety on eyewitnesses

Question 26

cognitive approach: scientific and objective methods

Answer 26

lab studies= reliable data, cognitive neuroscience combines biology and cognitive psychology= scientific
BUT inference- abstract, theoretical, studies artificial which makes it lack external validity

Question 27

cognitive approach:real life application

Answer 27

dominant approach today
development of ai and robots AND principles also applied to CBT for depression and improvement of eyewitness testimonies