Psychobio and Psychopharm Flashcards
List the monoamine neurotransmitters
- dopamine
- NE
- Serotonin
List the AA neurotransmitters
- GABA
2. Glutamate
List the neuropeptides
- CRH
- Endorphines
- ACH
What does the acronym ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?
pharmacokinetics is how the drug moves throughout the body while pharmacodynamics is what drugs do the body and how they do it
Which neurotransmitter is most involved with inhibiting the CNS or the calming neurotransmitter?
GABA
Which type of drugs is GABA commonly used?
Benzodiazepines
What is MOA of benzodiazepines?
they potentiate or promote the activity of GABA by binding to a specific receptor on the GABA receptor complex. This binding results in an increased freq of CL- channel opening causing membrane hyperpolorization , which reduces the cellular excitation
What are benzodiazepines used to treat?
- Anxiety
- Anticonvulsant
- ETHOL abuse
Which 2 neurotransmitters play a role in mood?
- NE
2. serotonin
What is the MOA of SSRIs?
block the reuptake of serotonin
What is the prototype for SSRIs?
fluoxetine (Prozac)
What is the MOA of SNRIs?
increase serotonin and NE
What are the anticholinergic effects?
- blurred vision
- urinary retention
- dry mouth
- tachycardia
- constipation
Why is there a problem inhibiting MAOs?
the liver uses these enzymes to degrade monamine substances that enter the body from food
Explain why a depressed pt being treating with MAOIs should not consume Tyramine?
if the liver cannot break dow the tyramine from substance, this can produce significant vasoconstriction which then increases blood pressure and threaten hypertensive crisis
What is your pt teaching for someone taking an MAOIs?
- Avoid OTC sympathomimetic
2. List of foods to avoid
What is the one true mood stabilizer?
Li+
What is the MOA of Li+?
it is unknown, but since it relatively close to the Na+, Li+ may act by affecting electrical conductivity in neurons
What are some side effects of Li+?
- Ataxia
- Polyuria
- Edema
- Fine hand tremors
- Hypothyroidism
What are some pt teaching for Li+?
- Consume 2-3 fluids/day
- Maintain Na+ intake
- Take with meals
What is it important to monitor prior to administration?
- Thyroid fxn
2. Renal fxn
What is another name for 1st gen antipsychotics?
conventional/ typical antipsychotics
What is the MOA of 1st gen antipsychotics?
blocking of the dopamine 2 receptors, binding to these receptors and blocking the attachment of dopamine they reduce dopaminergic stimulation
What type of Sx do 1st gen antipsychotics treat?
positive Sx: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech or behavior
What is the prototype for 1st gen antipsychotics?
(thorazine) Chlorpromazine
What are some side effects of 1st gen antipsychotics?
- EPS
- sedation
- Dry mouth
- constipation
- dizziness
- Akathisia
What is another name for the 2nd gen antipsychotics?
Atypical antipsychotics
What is the common side effect of the 2nd gen?
Metabolic syndrome
Which 2 of the 2nd gen have the highest risk of developing metabolic syndrome?
olanzapine and clozapine
