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PSYCH 332 - Personality > Psychoanalytic Approach and Freud > Flashcards

Psychoanalytic Approach and Freud Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Where was Freud from, what background?

A

1850s-1940s, mostly in Vienna where there was very rigorous sexual morality and intense focus on purity of women and children

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3
Q

What were Freud’s theory on perverse ideas?

A

He believed that the mind is dominated by perverse sexual ideas stemming from the unconscious mind, but that are repressed.

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4
Q

What is the cause of neuroticism?

A

Repression of distressing emotions

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5
Q

Can the unconscious mind manifest itself?

A

Yes, through slip of tones, obsession, anxiety, etc.

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6
Q

What is dream analysis?

A

Belief that dreams have deeper meaning. Manifest content refers to the literal explanation of dreams vs. the latent content which is the deeper meaning of dreams

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7
Q

What is free association?

A

Method where patients say anything that comes into mind, often it reveals unconscious thoughts and will concern traumatic sexual experiences in childhood

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8
Q

What idea did the psychopathology of Everyday Life by Freud advance?

A

That no actions were accidental, rather it is the subconscious trying to guide actions.

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9
Q

What is one similarity between behavioralism and psychoanalytic?

A

Determinism, idea that there is no free will, behaviorist believe everything is determined by the environment whereas psychoanalytic say everything is determined by unconscious mind

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10
Q

What are instincts according to Freud?

A

The two main factors at the base of one’s personality. 1) Libido or life instinct which is survival oriented. 2) Thanatos, the death instincts which has a compulsion to destroy

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11
Q

What is cathexis? Where is it present?

A

It is the allocation of mental energy to a person, object or event

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12
Q

Why is Freud’s theory pessimist?

A

Because he believes that without laws the world would kill itself and that everything bad in us is repressed.

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13
Q

According to Freud, why are there individuals differences?

A

Because people differ in their ego mechanisms, which controls expression of primitive forces of personality

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14
Q

According to Freud, what prevents our true personalities from showing?

A

Defense mechanisms

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15
Q

According to Freud, what is mental health?

A

The ability to love and to work by overcoming psychological conflict

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16
Q

According to Freud, what are cognitive processes?

A

The conscious experiences often cannot be trusted because of distortions.

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17
Q

According to Freud, do thoughts = behaviors?

A

No

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18
Q

According to Freud, what is culture?

A

All societies have culture that deal with conflict and leads to repression of natural desires.

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19
Q

According to Freud, what is the purpose of the church?

A

To be used to defend ourselves against bad feelings

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20
Q

According to Freud, what are the biological influences of personality?

A

Genetic provides a basis for personality.

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21
Q

According to Freud, are dreams and mental illnesses only part of the mind?

A

No, they are part of the body

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22
Q

How did Freud discover the unconscious?

A

By working with Anna O, who had somatic symptoms caused by a traumatic event that changed her nervous system and caused her anxiety

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23
Q

What is the topological model?

A
  1. Conscious mind: current thoughts
  2. Preconscious mind: thoughts that could be accessible
  3. Unconscious mind: thoughts that cannot be easily reached
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24
Q

What are the three component of the structural model?

A
  1. id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
25
Q

What is the ID?

A

Part of the mind driven by pleasure principle that can be very cruel. This part is fully unconscious

26
Q

What part of the mind is the primary processing thinking system?

A

ID

27
Q

When does the id emerge?

A

At birth

28
Q

What is the ego?

A

Part driven by the reality principle, higher level processing that considers all possibilities and excludes constraints.

29
Q

What is the role of the ego?

A

To keep id impulses unconscious because they are not socially acceptable

30
Q

What part of the structural model is the secondary thinking process?

A

The ego

31
Q

What is the superego?

A

Part that internalizes values and what is acceptable.

32
Q

At what age does the ego develop?

A

By 2y

33
Q

Which part of the structural model is the most conscious (but still takes digging)?

A

Superego

34
Q

At what age does the superego develop?

A

5y

35
Q

What power does the superego have?

A

Power to punish and create guilt

36
Q

What are the three types of conflict between the structural model?

A
  1. Reality anxiety
  2. Neurotic anxiety
  3. Moral anxiety
37
Q

What is reality anxiety?

A

Anxiety caused by tangible problem

38
Q

What is neurotic anxiety?

A

Anxiety created by conflict between id and ego, where ego tries to manage id’s impulses but cannot find a solution

39
Q

What is moral anxiety?

A

Conflict between id and superego where superego represses id which creates guilt and shame

40
Q

What are the 8 defense mechanisms?

A
  1. Repression
  2. Sublimation
  3. Displacement
  4. Denial
  5. Reaction formation
  6. intellectualization
  7. Projection
  8. Regression
41
Q

What is repression?

A

The most important and common defense mechanism, when the active effect of the ego, pushes threatening thoughts out of consciousness. However, it takes a lot of energy and effort

42
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When the ego channels threatening unconscious id impulses into socially acceptable activities (e.g. martial arts). Only truly successful defense mechanism.

43
Q

What is displacement?

A

Channeling impulses to a non-threatening object, without social rewards (unlike sublimation). Redirecting anger

44
Q

What is denial?

A

Refusing to accept a certain fact, insisting on the opposite despite knowing it.

45
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Hiding from threatening unconscious ideas by acting in opposite manner

46
Q

What is intellectualization?

A

Process of removing emotional content from the thought before allowing it into awareness, to remove anxiety

47
Q

What is projection?

A

Attribution of a disturbing impulse to someone else

48
Q

What is regression?

A

Retreat to an earlier period of life

49
Q

What are the psychosexual stages of development?

A

They are stages characterized by their primary erogenous zones and sexual desires

50
Q

What happens if there is a lack of resolution for a conflict within a stage?

A

Fixation

51
Q

What causes a fixation?

A

Excessive frustration or gratification

52
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

0-18m, primary erogenous zone = mouth, lip and tongue. Feeding issue → fixation → oral personality (drinking, overeating, talkative)

52
Q

According to Freud, what age the most important ages?

A

0-5y

53
Q

What is the anal stage?

A

18m-3y, primary erogenous zone = anal region, when infants are potty-trained. However, traumatic toilet event → fixation → anal personality. Severe parenting = stubborn, perfectionist or negligent parenting = messy and disorganized

54
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A

3-6y, primary erogenous zone = penis or clitoris, infants develop Oedipus complex, sexual attraction to opposite-sex parent. Boys develop castration fear and girls penis envy

55
Q

What is the latency period?

A

6y-puberty, period of disinterest in sexual desires

56
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Puberty onwards, primary erogenous zone = adult genital, time of sexual maturity (if all stages happen correctly)

57
Q

What can extreme parenting led to?

A

Fixation, which is an internalization of a childhood event

58
Q

What are 7 ways to reveal unconscious thoughts according to Freud?

A
  1. Dreams (provide id impulses, a stage for expression)
  2. Projective tests (assess unconscious materials by asking test takers to respond to ambiguous stimuli)
  3. Free association: temporary bypassing censoring ego
  4. Hypnosis
  5. Symbolic behaviors (daily behaviors = unconscious mind)
  6. Accidents
  7. Freudian slip

PSYCH 332 - Personality (11 decks)

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