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PSYCH 332 - Personality > Intro to Personality > Flashcards

Intro to Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of personality according to APA?

A

Consistent behaviour patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual

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2
Q

What two factors contribute to behaviour?

A

The situation and the person (personality)

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3
Q

What are traits?

A

Personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour or by which it can be explained

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4
Q

What are interests?

A

Something that is significant to the individual or that arouses an individual’s attention.

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5
Q

What is drive?

A

A ready state of action, motivating a person to attain a goal

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6
Q

What are values?

A

A moral principle for what is considered good or bad. What you think is important in life

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7
Q

What is a self-concept?

A

One’s description of oneself, how you describe yourself

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8
Q

What are abilities?

A

What someone is capable of doing and emotional patterns are ways in which people react emotionally to events

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9
Q

What are the five big personality dimensions? (just name)

A
  1. Extraversion
  2. Agreeableness
  3. Conscientiousness
  4. Emotional stability/neuroticism
  5. Openness
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10
Q

What are the two sides of extraversion?

A

Quiet & withdrawn vs. outgoing and energetic

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11
Q

What are the two sides of agreeableness?

A

Aloof and irritated vs. considerate and good-natured

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12
Q

What are the two sides of conscientiousness?

A

Impusilve and carefree vs. responsible and dependable

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13
Q

What are the two sides of neuroticism?

A

Moody and tense vs. stable and confident

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14
Q

What are the two sides of openness?

A

Narrow field of interest vs. imaginative and curious

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15
Q

In sales, which personality trait would be the best?

A

Consciousness makes the best salesperson

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16
Q

How accurately do people describe themselves online?

A

Pretty accurately, however they do present themselves as more emotionally stable

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17
Q

What is the perception associated with selfie-takers?

A

Associated with more negative assumptions for the person taking the selfie.

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18
Q

So, what is one issue with social media?

A

It may aggravate factors already present in a person such as lower self-esteem, less healthy activity, disrupted concentration, sleep deprivation and depression.

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19
Q

What is the psychoanalytic approach to psychology?

A

Idea that the unconscious mind is responsible for important differences in behavioral styles.

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20
Q

According to the psychoanalytic approach, behaviors compensate for what?

A

For insecurities

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21
Q

According to psychoanalytic approach, a life based on compensating leads to?

A

Neurosis

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22
Q

What is the Trait approach?

A

Idea that individuals lie on a continuum of personality characteristics

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23
Q

What is the biological approach?

A

Idea that inherited predisposition and physiological processes contribute to differences in personality

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24
Q

What is Eysenck’s arousal hypothesis (biological approach)?

A

Extraverted individuals have low arousal in their cortex, causing them to seek out stimulating experiences. On the other hand, introverted individuals have high cortisol in their cortex, so they avoid over-stimulation.

25
Q

What is the reward deficiency syndrome of Kenneth Blum (biological approach)?

A

Sensation-seekers have low levels of D2 dopamine receptors, so they seek out a more intense source of reward

26
Q

People with low levels of D2 dopamine receptors are more likely to have?

A

Self-control issues, drug addictions, risky sexual behaviors and aggression

27
Q

What is the affective neuroscience theory by Jaak Panksepp?

A

Different levels of brain activity and types of brain systems result in different personalities

28
Q

What are the seven different types of brain systems that influence personality?

A
  1. Seeking system (generalized motivation system)
  2. Rage system
  3. Fear system
  4. Lust system
  5. Care system
  6. Panic system (social bonding)
  7. Play system
29
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

Idea that personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance influences personality

30
Q

What is Maslow’s pyramid of needs?

A
  1. Physiological need
  2. Safety and belonging
  3. Love and belonging
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-actualization
31
Q

When rating Maslow’s need, which one was rated as most important? Least important? Which one varied?

A

Belonging: rated both as the most and least important
Safety: not rated very highly, Maslow’s believes people in western country underestimate its value
Physiological need: most important
Esteem and actualization: not very important

32
Q

When linking Maslow’s need and OCEAN, which ones were most linked together?

A

Extraversion = esteem
Agreeableness = belonging
Conscientiousness and openness = self-actualization
Neuroticism = negatively correlated with all

33
Q

What is the Behavioral/Social approach?

A

Idea that consistent behavior patterns are the result of conditioning and expectations. The mind and behavior guide all actions and free-will does not exist

34
Q

According to Behavioralism, behaviors are shaped by what?

A

By history of rewards and punishment

35
Q

What is the cognitive approach?

A

Idea that people process information differently and so behave differently

36
Q

According to the psychoanalytic approach, aggression is caused by what?

A

Aggression is caused by unconscious death instincts turned outwards.

37
Q

According to the trait approach, aggression is caused by what?

A

Focus on individual differences and stability of aggressive behaviors. Children with aggressive behaviors grow up to be aggressive adults.

38
Q

According to the biological approach, aggression is caused by what?

A

It is caused by genetic predisposition to aggression, which is also influenced by evolution and the need for men to exert control over rivals to pass along genes

39
Q

According to the humanistic approach, aggression is caused by what?

A

Idea that people are fundamentally good and everyone has potential to be happy. Unhappiness develops when something interferes with one’s natural growth

40
Q

According to the behavioral approach, aggression is caused by what?

A

Belief that people learn to be aggressive through rewards and punishment, even just from watching others

41
Q

According to the psychoanalytic approach, depression is caused by what?

A

It is anger turned inwards and coming from unconscious feelings of anger and hostility. Freud believed that society discouraged people from expressing hostility, so it is turned inwards.

42
Q

According to the trait approach, depression is caused by what?

A

A person’s current general mood is a good indicator of their future mood. Teens with depression are likely to become adults with depression

43
Q

According to the Biological approach, depression is caused by what?

A

Belief that some people simply inherited predisposed genes for depression

44
Q

According to the humanistic approach, depression is caused by what?

A

Belief that it is caused by failure to develop a good self-esteem

45
Q

According to the behavioral approach, depression is caused by what?

A

Lack of positive reinforcer and experiences with uncontrollable aversive experiences

46
Q

According to the cognitive approach, depression is caused by what?

A

Belief that information processing uses negative filters to interpret events

47
Q

What are individualistic cultures?

A

Cultures that emphasis individual needs and accomplishment, as well as independence and uniqueness

48
Q

What are collectivist cultures?

A

Cultures that emphasize group goals, order and tradition

49
Q

What are the two variables needed for a good personality test?

A

Reliability: consistency of test answers
Validity: test is assessing what it needs to assess

50
Q

What are self-report inventories? What are the benefits or the weaknesses?

A

Test where the subject answers question about their own behaviors and feelings (like the MMPI). It is good because scores cannot be interpreted and people cannot change their answers, however, people can easily lie.

51
Q

What is the Dark Dryad or dirty dozens?

A

Type of assessment for narcissism, machiavelism and psychopathy

52
Q

What are some advantages of online test?

A

Less time-consuming, objective scoring, popular with young people and cannot change questions afterward

53
Q

What are projective test? What are their names (3)?

A

Tests used in psychoanalytic technic, similar to Freud’s projection where own sentiments are projected to others/.

Rorschach ink block test, thematic perceptive test and word association/sentence completion

54
Q

What is Rorschach ink block test? What are its weaknesses?

A

Test that supposedly reflects subconscious desires and where people will project their inner thoughts on the image. However, not very valid or objective (person looking for patterns)

55
Q

What is the thematic apperceptive test (TAT)?

A

Task where a person is presented with multiple images and asked about emotions, feelings, desires, actions to create a story. The storyline supposedly projects fears, insecurities and unmet needs. However, not very reliable because it is based on recordings and behavioral observations of procedure

56
Q

In sales, which OCEAN personality traits are more highly correlated with good performance?

A

Openness and conscientiousness

57
Q

In sales, which OCEAN personality traits are more negatively correlated with good performance?

A

Neuroticism and agreeableness

58
Q

In sales, which OCEAN personality trait is somewhat correlated with good performance?

A

Extraversion

PSYCH 332 - Personality (11 decks)

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