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PSYCH 332 - Personality > Adler & Jung > Flashcards

Adler & Jung Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Adler disagree with Freud? What did they agree on?

A

They disagreed on almost everything, except for the existence of unconscious desires

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2
Q

What is the name of Adler’s approach?

A

Individual psychology or psychosocial psychology

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3
Q

According to Adler, all of our actions revolve around what?

A

Desire to strive towards superiority

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4
Q

How was Adler’s childhood?

A

He was born quite frail, and required a lot of attention, however with the birth of his siblings, he received a lot less attention

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5
Q

According to Adler, lack of attention leads to what feeling?

A

Inferiority

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6
Q

Adler believed that the mind is an integrated whole, what did Freud believed?

A

That the mind is made up of multiple warring sections

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7
Q

Freud believed that the unconscious mind was the drive for all of our actions, what did Adler believe?

A

That the conscious mind is more important

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8
Q

Adler believed that motivation came from future goals, what did Freud believe?

A

That future goals are unimportant

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9
Q

Freud had a pessimist view on human nature, what did Adler believe?

A

He had an optimist view on human nature

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10
Q

Adler believed that dreams are important in helping us understand the nature of human existence, what did Freud believe?

A

That dreams can be analyzed to learn about the unconscious mind.

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11
Q

Freud believed that personality are the result of genetic/hereditary factors, what did Adler believe?

A

That personality is determined by one owns free will

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12
Q

Adler minimized the importance of sex, what did Freud believe?

A

He maximized importance of sex

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13
Q

Freud believed that the goal of therapy was to reveal unconscious desires, what did Adler believe?

A

That the goal of therapy is to encourage a lifestyle that includes social interests

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14
Q

According to Adler, what is the motivation for everything?

A

Desire to strive for superiority

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15
Q

What does excessive inferiority lead to?

A

Inferiority complex

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16
Q

According to Adler, what is good mental health?

A

Striving for superiority and social interest

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17
Q

What is fictional finalism?

A

It is a way to strive for superiority, where one imagines potential fictional goals to reach in order to reach a complete state of being

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18
Q

What are two ways parents can create a sense of inferiority in their children?

A

Neglect and pampering

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19
Q

According to Adler, what is a lifestyle?

A

The psychological process needed in order to reach a goal

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20
Q

According to Adler, what is social interest

A

People’s innate ability to socialize, which is crucial to adjustments

21
Q

What is maladjustment?

A

Feelings of excessive inferiority and insufficient social interest

22
Q

What is inferiority complex?

A

A complex that develops when a person is unable to compensate for their own feelings of inferiority. Results in lack of self-esteem, helplessness and difficulty to cope

23
Q

What is a superiority complex?

A

Complexes that develops when one overcompensates for normal inferiority feelings. Results in someone being boastful, self-centered and tendency to denigrate others.

24
Q

What are the two parental influences on personality development?

A

Pampering: robs the child of independence
Neglect: lack of attention → coldness and distance

25
Q

According to Adler, what are the four types of lifestyles?

A
  1. Ruling-dominant type: grows up powerless, need to assert authority over others
  2. Getting-learning type: pampered child, expects everything from others
  3. Avoidant type: need to please others to avoid conflict
  4. Socially-useful type: ideal lifestyle
26
Q

What are the three ways faulty lifestyles can arise?

A
  1. Physical inferiority/organic inferiority
  2. Spoiling/pampering
  3. Neglect
27
Q

According to Adler, what are safeguarding techniques?

A

Similar to Freud’s defense mechanisms, but only used by people with maladjustment, not everyone like Freud.

28
Q

What are the 11 safeguarding techniques?

A
  1. Excuses: unachievable goals are excuses to justify failure
  2. Aggression
  3. Depreciation: taking away something’s value to make yourself feel better
  4. Idealization: unrealistic high standards to judge others
  5. Solicitude: treating others as if they are incapable of taking care of themselves
  6. Accusation: accusing others of own mistakes
  7. Blaming: less aggressive than accusation, more like self-accusation
  8. Moving backwards: Freud’s regression
  9. Creating obstacles: to justify mistakes
  10. No lose situation: goals too easy to reach
  11. It was hard anyway: giving up
29
Q

What is the impact of birth order for the oldest child?

A

Subject to excessive attention at first, but then lack of attention with arrival of other siblings = intense sense of inferiority. More likely to be drug addict, pervert, criminals, etc.

30
Q

What is the impact of birth order on the middle child?

A

Always trying to catch up and highest achiever, strong sense of superiority

31
Q

What is the impact of birth order on the youngest child?

A

Most pampered → strong sense of inferiority

32
Q

What is the name of the approach, attribute to Carl Jung?

A

Analytic psychology

33
Q

What is the personal unconscious according to Jung?

A

Similar to Freud’s preconscious, it is material that was once accessible and could be easily retrieved

34
Q

According to Jung, what are complexes?

A

Patterns of emotions, memories, perception and wishes in personal unconscious organized around a common theme

35
Q

According to Jung, what is the collective unconscious?

A

Part of the unconscious mind that includes thoughts, images and psychic characteristics that are difficult to bring into awareness and comes from primordial images from ancestors

36
Q

Jung theory is based on?

A

Evolution

37
Q

According to Jung, what are primordial images from our ancestors?

A

Archetypes, potential responses to the world in certain ways

38
Q

What are the opposite-sex archetypes?

A
  1. Animus: masculine aspects of feminine psyche
  2. Anima: feminine aspects of masculine psyche
39
Q

What is one of the most important functions of animus and anima?

A

Guide people’s selection of romantic partners by projecting animus/anima on potential partners.

40
Q

What is the person archetype?

A

It is the public face presented to others, the innate tendency to present ourselves in a certain way. However, we are somewhat aware of these changes in archetypes.

41
Q

What is the shadow archetype?

A

Part that contains primitive animal instincts, like death and sex instincts, often the darkest part of personality.

42
Q

What is the self-archetype?

A

Unity, integration and harmony of total personality

43
Q

What is one criticism of Jung’s theory? What is his response?

A

Criticism: it is impossible to prove or study this theory. Jung pointed to recurring existence of certain symbols in dreams and mythology

44
Q

According to Jung, what should everyone strive?

A

To be aware of all archetypes in order to unify them into a single persona

45
Q

How many basic archetypes are there?

A

12

46
Q

According to Jung, what is the ego?

A

The conscious part of the psyche that is selective about what is admitted into awareness

47
Q

According to Jung, what are the two attitude of the psyche?

A
  1. Extraversion
  2. Introversion
48
Q

According to Jung, what are the two pairs of psychological functions of the psyche?

A
  1. Sensing: irrational, sense things but unable to identify them
  2. Thinking: rational, can recognize and name objects
  3. Feeling: rational, determines worth of objects
  4. Intuitive: irrational, provides hunches when lacking information
49
Q

According to Jung, how can we reach fulfillment?

A

Individualization → integration of all conscious and unconscious facets of personality

PSYCH 332 - Personality (11 decks)

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