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PSYCH 332 - Personality > Adler & Jung > Flashcards

Adler & Jung Flashcards

1
Q

What did Adler disagree with Freud? What did they agree on?

A

They disagreed on almost everything, except for the existence of unconscious desires

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2
Q

What is the name of Adler’s approach?

A

Individual psychology or psychosocial psychology

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3
Q

According to Adler, all of our actions revolve around what?

A

Desire to strive towards superiority

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4
Q

How was Adler’s childhood?

A

He was born quite frail, and required a lot of attention, however with the birth of his siblings, he received a lot less attention

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5
Q

According to Adler, lack of attention leads to what feeling?

A

Inferiority

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6
Q

Adler believed that the mind is an integrated whole, what did Freud believed?

A

That the mind is made up of multiple warring sections

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7
Q

Freud believed that the unconscious mind was the drive for all of our actions, what did Adler believe?

A

That the conscious mind is more important

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8
Q

Adler believed that motivation came from future goals, what did Freud believe?

A

That future goals are unimportant

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9
Q

Freud had a pessimist view on human nature, what did Adler believe?

A

He had an optimist view on human nature

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10
Q

Adler believed that dreams are important in helping us understand the nature of human existence, what did Freud believe?

A

That dreams can be analyzed to learn about the unconscious mind.

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11
Q

Freud believed that personality are the result of genetic/hereditary factors, what did Adler believe?

A

That personality is determined by one owns free will

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12
Q

Adler minimized the importance of sex, what did Freud believe?

A

He maximized importance of sex

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13
Q

Freud believed that the goal of therapy was to reveal unconscious desires, what did Adler believe?

A

That the goal of therapy is to encourage a lifestyle that includes social interests

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14
Q

According to Adler, what is the motivation for everything?

A

Desire to strive for superiority

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15
Q

What does excessive inferiority lead to?

A

Inferiority complex

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16
Q

According to Adler, what is good mental health?

A

Striving for superiority and social interest

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17
Q

What is fictional finalism?

A

It is a way to strive for superiority, where one imagines potential fictional goals to reach in order to reach a complete state of being

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18
Q

What are two ways parents can create a sense of inferiority in their children?

A

Neglect and pampering

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19
Q

According to Adler, what is a lifestyle?

A

The psychological process needed in order to reach a goal

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20
Q

According to Adler, what is social interest

A

People’s innate ability to socialize, which is crucial to adjustments

21
Q

What is maladjustment?

A

Feelings of excessive inferiority and insufficient social interest

22
Q

What is inferiority complex?

A

A complex that develops when a person is unable to compensate for their own feelings of inferiority. Results in lack of self-esteem, helplessness and difficulty to cope

23
Q

What is a superiority complex?

A

Complexes that develops when one overcompensates for normal inferiority feelings. Results in someone being boastful, self-centered and tendency to denigrate others.

24
Q

What are the two parental influences on personality development?

A

Pampering: robs the child of independence
Neglect: lack of attention → coldness and distance

25
According to Adler, what are the four types of lifestyles?
1. Ruling-dominant type: grows up powerless, need to assert authority over others 2. Getting-learning type: pampered child, expects everything from others 3. Avoidant type: need to please others to avoid conflict 4. Socially-useful type: ideal lifestyle
26
What are the three ways faulty lifestyles can arise?
1. Physical inferiority/organic inferiority 2. Spoiling/pampering 3. Neglect
27
According to Adler, what are safeguarding techniques?
Similar to Freud's defense mechanisms, but only used by people with maladjustment, not everyone like Freud.
28
What are the 11 safeguarding techniques?
1. Excuses: unachievable goals are excuses to justify failure 2. Aggression 3. Depreciation: taking away something's value to make yourself feel better 4. Idealization: unrealistic high standards to judge others 5. Solicitude: treating others as if they are incapable of taking care of themselves 6. Accusation: accusing others of own mistakes 7. Blaming: less aggressive than accusation, more like self-accusation 8. Moving backwards: Freud's regression 9. Creating obstacles: to justify mistakes 10. No lose situation: goals too easy to reach 11. It was hard anyway: giving up
29
What is the impact of birth order for the oldest child?
Subject to excessive attention at first, but then lack of attention with arrival of other siblings = intense sense of inferiority. More likely to be drug addict, pervert, criminals, etc.
30
What is the impact of birth order on the middle child?
Always trying to catch up and highest achiever, strong sense of superiority
31
What is the impact of birth order on the youngest child?
Most pampered → strong sense of inferiority
32
What is the name of the approach, attribute to Carl Jung?
Analytic psychology
33
What is the personal unconscious according to Jung?
Similar to Freud's preconscious, it is material that was once accessible and could be easily retrieved
34
According to Jung, what are complexes?
Patterns of emotions, memories, perception and wishes in personal unconscious organized around a common theme
35
According to Jung, what is the collective unconscious?
Part of the unconscious mind that includes thoughts, images and psychic characteristics that are difficult to bring into awareness and comes from primordial images from ancestors
36
Jung theory is based on?
Evolution
37
According to Jung, what are primordial images from our ancestors?
Archetypes, potential responses to the world in certain ways
38
What are the opposite-sex archetypes?
1. Animus: masculine aspects of feminine psyche 2. Anima: feminine aspects of masculine psyche
39
What is one of the most important functions of animus and anima?
Guide people's selection of romantic partners by projecting animus/anima on potential partners.
40
What is the person archetype?
It is the public face presented to others, the innate tendency to present ourselves in a certain way. However, we are somewhat aware of these changes in archetypes.
41
What is the shadow archetype?
Part that contains primitive animal instincts, like death and sex instincts, often the darkest part of personality.
42
What is the self-archetype?
Unity, integration and harmony of total personality
43
What is one criticism of Jung's theory? What is his response?
Criticism: it is impossible to prove or study this theory. Jung pointed to recurring existence of certain symbols in dreams and mythology
44
According to Jung, what should everyone strive?
To be aware of all archetypes in order to unify them into a single persona
45
How many basic archetypes are there?
12
46
According to Jung, what is the ego?
The conscious part of the psyche that is selective about what is admitted into awareness
47
According to Jung, what are the two attitude of the psyche?
1. Extraversion 2. Introversion
48
According to Jung, what are the two pairs of psychological functions of the psyche?
1. Sensing: irrational, sense things but unable to identify them 2. Thinking: rational, can recognize and name objects 3. Feeling: rational, determines worth of objects 4. Intuitive: irrational, provides hunches when lacking information
49
According to Jung, how can we reach fulfillment?
Individualization → integration of all conscious and unconscious facets of personality

PSYCH 332 - Personality (11 decks)

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