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2015 MCAT > Psycho Social > Flashcards

Psycho Social Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Solomon Asch

A

Conducted research on conformity and group pressure by placing confederates pretending to be subjects. confederates would give obvious wrong answers

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2
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Just before drifting off to sleep

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3
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Strange situation experiments with babies.

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4
Q

Babinski reflex

A

stroking the sole of the foot causes the big two to raise up and the other toes to fan out.

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5
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Bobo doll and self efficacy in promoting learning.

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6
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

sensory processing by sensory receptors works up to complex integration.

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7
Q

Broca’s area

A

front left frontal lobe which processes speech, Broca’s aphasia where person knows what they want to say but can not say it.

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8
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

used factor anaylasis and surface traits to deduce five global factors extroversion, anxiety, receptivity, accommodation and self-control.

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9
Q

Chunking

A

clustering of information and data into discrete groups which allows more information to be remembered.

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10
Q

Difference Threshold or Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

A

the minimum noticeable difference

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11
Q

Dramaturgical approach

A

Assumes that people are actors performing and communicating the image they want to project.

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12
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Father of sociology and major proponent of functionalism.

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13
Q

Dyssomnias

A

broad category of disorders that effect sleep; insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea.

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14
Q

Dysthymic disorder

A

mild form of depression

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15
Q

Ecclesia

A

The dominant religious organization, not tolerant of other religions.

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16
Q

Erik Erikson

A

extended Freud’s theories of conflicts between the conscious unconscious. Trust vs mistrust.

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17
Q

Costa and McCrea’s Five Factor Model

A

Explains personality in five over reaching personality traits. Extroversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

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18
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Pageant’s fourth stage of development theory 12-adulthood abstract and moral reasoning.

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19
Q

Functionalism

A

Sociology’s oldest theories society as a living functional organism.

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20
Q

Phineas Gage

A

man who lost his prefrontal cortex allowing the removal to be studied as an impact on personality.

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21
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Brain process information in a holistic manner. Brain must make assumptions to detect the whole.

22
Q

Ludwig Gumplowicz

A

Expanded on Marx’s ideas about conflict theory, society is shaped by war and conquest.

23
Q

Margaret and Harry Harlow

A

Baby monkey experiments to demonstrate that babies are drawn to mothers who provide comfort not just food.

24
Q

Heuristics

A

Mental shortcuts used for problem-solving.

25
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

The tendency to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.

26
Q

Karl Marx

A

Closely identified with conflict theory, class struggle by those who controlled production and those who provided labor for production that capitalism would eventually lead to capitalism.

27
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, presented with a pyramid.

28
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Obedience research asked subjects to shock other subjects.

29
Q

Negative Punishment

A

The removal of a positive or rewarding stimulus following a behavior. Tends to depress the behavior

30
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

The removal of a negative or aversive stimulus following a behavior. Tends to increase the frequency of that behavior.

31
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Instrumental conditioning, A form of associative learning based on consequences, rewards increase and punishments decrease their frequency.

32
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

A movement disorder caused by the death of cells that generate dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra.

33
Q

Phonological loop

A

Alan Baddeley’s Model of working memory and reputation of verbal informant aids with encoding it into memory.

34
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Developmental psychologist who formulated a four-stye theory of development for children.

35
Q

Positive Punishment

A

The introduction of a negative stimulus following a behavior. Decreases in frequency.

36
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Reward immediately following a behavior. Increases in frequency.

37
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Did the ‘prison study’ a psychological experiment of extreme role playing that simulated guards and prisoners.

38
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Founder of Humanistic Psychology Perspective, person-centered approach to therapy.

39
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

This hypothesis asserts that people understand their world through language, language shapes how people experience their world.

40
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory

A

Theory of emotion that asserts that the experience of the physiological arousal occurs first and is followed by a conscious cognitive interpretation of appraisal that allows for the identification of the experienced.

41
Q

Serial Postion Effect

A

Included the primacy and recency effect, when information is presented serially in a list, individuals are more likely to recall the first and the last items.

42
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

coined the term operant conditioning. also the skinner box in which he used reinforcements to shape animal behavior.

43
Q

Social behaviorism

A

The idea that the mind and the self emerge through the process of communication with others.

44
Q

Social Cognitive Perspective

A

According to this perspective personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive and environmental factors.

45
Q

Social Constructionism

A

People shape their reality through social interactions

46
Q

Vagus Nerves

A

Very large mixed nerve that carries both sensory and motor output. Important in transmitting parasympathetic input the heart and digestive smooth muscle.

47
Q

Max Weber

A

Weber agreed with Marx’s ideas about conflict theory but didn’t believe the collapse of capitalism was inevitable.

48
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

process speech and written language

49
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

Moderate arousal creates optimal performance to little arousal leads to complacency and to much can be overwhelming.

50
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Best known for the prison study.

2015 MCAT (12 decks)

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