MCAT BIO 9 10

Question 1

Liver functions include?

Answer 1

Liver functions include detoxification of poisons (such as drugs and alcohol), “cleaning” the blood, glucose storage (as glycogen), gluconeogenesis (generating usable glucose from non-glucose carbon substrates like proteins and fats), and the production of bile. After the liver produces bile, it is stored in the gall bladder and released into the duodenum, where it emulsifies fats, therefore facilitating their digestion and absorption.

Question 2

Kidneys regulate

Answer 2

Blood preasure

Question 3

What do freezing point and melting point have in common?

Answer 3

They are the same temperature.

Question 4

Hormone Adelstone regulates

Answer 4

Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption by the kidneys. Water always follows sodium, so aldosterone also stimulates water reabsorption. An aldosterone deficiency would decrease the absorption of sodium, consequently decreasing the absorption of water. If water absorption is decreased, blood volume will decrease.

Question 5

Best leaving group?

Answer 5

The best leaving groups are weak bases. In the case of halogens, the strength of the base decreases going down the group in the periodic table. So fluoride is the worst leaving group and iodine is the best leaving group.

Question 6

enol?

Answer 6

An enol is a constitutional isomer of the ketone, meaning the enol form of pyruvate and the ketone form of pyruvate must have the same molecular formula but differ in the placement of a single proton. Recall that the ketones are in equilibrium with their enol forms, but the equilibrium largely favors the ketone form.