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Phase 4 Question Knowledge > Psychiatry Phenomenology > Flashcards

Psychiatry Phenomenology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychopathology

A

Study of abnormal states of mind

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

Words to provide an objective description of abnormal states of mind

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3
Q

Disorders of perception

A

Can be sensory distortions, or sensory deceptions

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4
Q

Sensory distortions

A

Changes in intensity - eg colourful vision in mania, B+W in depression

Changes in quality

Changes in spatial form

Distortions of experience of time (physical/personal time)

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5
Q

Sensory deceptions

A

Illusions

Hallucinations

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6
Q

Affect

A

Outward expression of person’s internal emotions

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7
Q

Blunting of affect

A

Objective absence of normal emotional responses, without evidence of depression or psychomotor retardation

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8
Q

Flattening of affect

A

Severe form of blunting, nearly no emotional expression

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9
Q

Incongruity of affect

A

Expressed mood is not consistent with current scenario, eg laughing at funeral

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10
Q

Hallucinations

A

False perception without an external stimulus

Source is ‘within’ but subject reacts as if they are true perceptions coming from ‘without’

Can be auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile

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11
Q

Hallucinations - 2nd person auditory

A

Eg “YOU are a bad person, YOU are the next messiah, YOU’RE going to die”

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12
Q

Hallucinations - 3rd person auditory

A

Running commentary, voices discussing/commenting

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13
Q

Visual hallucinations

A

Elementary - flashes of light

Fully organised - visions of people, animals

Can be seen in organic states, eg delirium

More common in acute organic states with clouding of consciousness than in functional psychosis

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14
Q

Functional hallucination

A

Auditory stimulus causes a hallucination

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15
Q

Reflex hallucination

A

Stimulus in one sensory modality produces a sensory experience in another

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16
Q

Extracampine hallucination

A

Hallucination that is outside the limits of the sensory field, eg hears voices talking in Paris when they are in Sydney

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17
Q

Hypnagogic hallucination

A

Occur when subject is falling asleep

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18
Q

Hypnopompic hallucination

A

Occur when subject is waking up

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19
Q

Pseudo-hallucinations

A

Hallucination that is recognised as unreal

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20
Q

Delusion

A

Unshakeable false belief that is out of keep with patient’s social and cultural background (bizarre and without logical reasoning)

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21
Q

Thought disorder

A

Disturbance of the organisation / expression of thought. Can be disorders of:

Stream of thoughts

Possession of thoughts

Content of thoughts

Form of thought

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22
Q

Disorders of stream of thought

A

Disorder of the constant movt / appearance of thoughts in the consciousness. Can be:

Disorders of tempo (flight of ideas, inhibition / slowness of thinking, circumstantiality)

Disorders of continuity of thought (perseveration, thought blocking)

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23
Q

Flight of ideas

A

Thoughts follow each other rapidly, associations of thoughts less relevant but some connection, goal is NOT reached

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24
Q

Inhibition / slowness of thinking

A

…

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25
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail. However, this differs from tangentiality in that the person does eventually return to the original point.

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26
Q

Perseveration

A

Repetition of a word, theme or action beyond point of relevance or appropriateness

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27
Q

Thought block

A

Sudden interruption on train of thought, leaving a blank

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28
Q

Disorder of possession of thought

A

Sense of loss of control or personal possession of thinking. Can be:

Obsessions / compulsions

Thought alienation (insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting)

29
Q

Thought alienation

A

Thoughts are not of their own control

30
Q

Thought insertion

A

Feeling as if your thoughts are not your own, but rather belong to someone else and have been inserted into your mind

31
Q

Thought withdrawal

A

Person believes someone has taken thoughts from their mind

32
Q

Thought broadcasting

A

Person believes their thoughts are audible, being said aloud by someone else, eg on TV

33
Q

Disorder of content of thought

A

Disorder in what pt is thinking - delusions

34
Q

Delusion

A

False, unshakable belief that is out of keeping with the pt’s social and cultural background

35
Q

Primary delusion

A

Arises out of the blue, not from any morbid phenomena, not preceded by any other idea/event

3 types: delusional mood, delusional perception, sudden delusional idea

36
Q

Delusional mood

A

Global, diffuse, ominous feeling of something impending - pt knows something is going on that concerns them, but does not know what it is

37
Q

Delusional perception

A

Delusion that is triggered by real stimulus (eg traffic light changes = being monitored by the govt), idea of reference??

38
Q

Sudden delusional idea

A

Delusion appears fully formed in person’s mind

39
Q

Secondary delusions

A

Arising from some other morbid experience, eg hallucinations, another delusion, mood

40
Q

Content of delusions eg

A

Persecutory - pt believes they are being persecuted, despite lack of evidence

Infidelity - believing partner is cheating

Love - pt convinced some person is in love with them

Grandiosity - false belief about one’s greatness, eg immortal

Guilt - pt believes they are bad/evil

Nihilistic - pt denies existence of body, mind, loved ones and world around them

Poverty - convinced they are impoverished, believe that destitution is facing them and their family

41
Q

Disorders of form of thought

A

Disorder in the flow of ideas, eg

Loosening of association

42
Q

Loosening of association

A

Lack of logical association between succeeding thoughts, giving rise to incoherent speech. Impossible to follow pt’s train of thought (knight’s move thinking/derailment)

43
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Sudden amnesia that occurs during periods of extreme trauma, can last for hrs/days

44
Q

Anhedonia

A

Inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable

45
Q

Apathy

A

Emotional indifference with a sense of futility - may manifest as lack of motivation

46
Q

Overvalued idea

A

False / exaggerated belief but held with less rigidity than a delusion (less bizarre and with plausible reasoning)

47
Q

Illusion

A

Misperception of a real external stimulus

48
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Lack of abstract ideas

49
Q

Tangential thinking

A

Less relevant associations at a normal speed, goal is NOT reached

50
Q

Clang association

A

Saying words based on sound>logic, eg rhyming

51
Q

Neologisms

A

Making up new words

52
Q

Confabulation

A

Creation of fake memory to fill in gaps

53
Q

Alogia / poverty of speech

A

Reduced speech inferring poor thinking

54
Q

Thought echo

A

Hearing own thoughts after thinking them

55
Q

Somatic passivity

A

Belief that one’s thoughts / actions are influenced or controlled by external agent

56
Q

Made Act/Feeling/Drive

A

Action/feeling/impulse forced upon them by someone else

57
Q

Belle indifference

A

Surprising lack of concern / denial of apparently severe functional disability

58
Q

Conversion

A

Development of features suggestive of physical illness but are due to psychiatric illness (no organic cause, psychiatric abnormality manifesting as physical symptoms)

59
Q

Dissociation

A

Separation of unpleasant emotions and memories from conscious awareness (eg unconscious defence mechanism)

60
Q

Derealisation

A

Feels the world has become unreal / lifeless / grey

61
Q

Depersonalisation

A

Feeling detached from one’s own body, eg observing your own actions from a distance rather than experiencing them

62
Q

Catatonia

A

State of increased muscle tone at rest, abolished by voluntary activities

‘badly-toned’ behavioural state characterised by mutism, posturing, negativism, rigidity echolalia. Mainly caused by mania (50%) and other mood disorders, includes subtypes: retarded, excited, malignant…

63
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

When pt’s limbs moved, feels like wax or lead pipe, and remain in position in which they are left

Rare in catatonic schizophrenia and structural brain disease

64
Q

Logoclonia

A

Repetition of the last syllable of a word

65
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating other people’s speech

66
Q

Echopraxia

A

Repeating other people’s actions

67
Q

Negativism

A

Motiveless resistance to movt

68
Q

Palilalia

A

Repetition of a word over and again with increasing frequency

69
Q

Verbigeration

A

Repetition of one or several strings of fragmented words, often in monotonous tone

Phase 4 Question Knowledge (30 decks)

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