Psychiatry Medication - Omar Flashcards
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
What can anti depressants be used for?
Depression
Anxiety
Pain
Insomnia
Not FDA approved but sometimes ADHD
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
What is most common type of antidepressant
SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors)
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Give 5 examples of SSRI
Sertraline
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
paroxetine
Escitalopram
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
What are other types of antidepressants?
SNRI (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
Tri-cyclic antidepressants (TCA) (older)
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Give 2 examples of SNRI
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
What is a special type of antidepressant
Bupropion
Third type of AD works differently from SSRI & SNRI
Helpful in treating seasonal affective disrorder and help stop smoking
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
What are common Antidepressant side effects
Nausea and vomiting
Weight gain
Diarrhea
Sleepiness
Sexual problems
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What is anti anxiety medication used for?
Anti-anxiety medications help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks, or extreme fear and worry
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What is the most common type of anti anxiety medication?
Benzodiazepines
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What are benzodiazepines used for
Generalised anxiety disorder
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
When would benzodiazepines be second line treatment?
In the case of panic disorder or social phobia (social anxiety disorder):
1st line - Anti-depressant
2nd line - Benzodiazepines
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What are 3 common benzodiazepines?
Clonazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What can be used to treat short term symptoms of anxiety
Short half-life (or short-acting) benzodiazepines (such as Lorazepam) and beta-blockers are used to treat the short-term symptoms of anxiety
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
What can be taken for long term treatment of chronic anxiety
(unrelated to benzodiapenes)
Busiprone
Needs to be taken for a few weeks before reaching full effect
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
Possible side effects of anti-anxiety medication
Nausea
Blurred vision
Headache
Confusion
Tiredness
Nightmares
ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION
Possible side effects of busiprone
Dizziness
Headaches
Nausea
Nervousness
Lightheadedness
Excitement
Trouble sleeping
STIMULANTS
What do stimulants do
Stimulants increase:
alertness
attention
energy,
blood pressure
heart rate
respiration
STIMULANTS
What are they commonly prescribed for?
ADHD in children, adolescents or adults
STIMULANTS
4 Common Stimulants
Methylphenidate
Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
STIMULANTS
What else can stimulants be used to treat?
Narcolepsy
Occassionally depression
Other ADHD treatments?
2 non-stimulant antihypertensive medications: Clonidine & guanfacine
Often in children prescribed before stimulant, then if not working - stimulant
STIMULANTS
Possible side effects?
Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
Loss of appetite
Stomach pain
Headache
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
What are antipsychotics used for?
Primarily to manage psychosis
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
What is Psychosis
Pschosis describes conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality.
This can be:
delusions (false, fixed beliefs)
hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there)
ANTPSYCHOTICS
What can cause Psychosis
Can be a symptom of a physical condition such as drug abuse or a mental disorder such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or very severe depression (also known as “psychotic depression”).
ANTPSYCHOTICS
How are antipsychotics used in treatment
In combination with other drugs to help treat:
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Other mental health disorders:
- ADHD
- Severe depression
- Eating disorders
- PTSD
- OCD
- Generalised anxitety disorder
ANTPSYCHOTICS
4 Examples of older anti-psychotics
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Perphenazine
Fluphenazine
ANTPSYCHOTICS
Examples of new antipsychotics
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone
Aripiprazole
Paliperidone
Lurasidone
ANTPSYCHOTICS
Side effects
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Restlessness
Weight gain (the risk is higher with some atypical antipsychotic medicines)
Dry mouth
Constipation
Nausea
Vomiting
Blurred vision
Low blood pressure
Uncontrollable movements, such as tics and tremors (the risk is higher with typical antipsychotic medicines)
Seizures
A low number of white blood cells, which fight infections
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
What is Tardive Dyskinesia
TD causes muscle movements, commonly around the mouth, that a person can’t control
Due to prolonged use of old (typical) antipsychotics
MOOD STABILISERS
What are mood stabilisers used for?
primarily to treat bipolar disorder
mood swings associated with other mental disorders
to augment the effect of other medications used to treat depression
MOOD STABILISERS
What is the most comon mood stabiliser?
Lithium
Approved for mania nad maintenance treatment of BD
Anti-suicide benefits also
MOOD STABILISERS
How do mood stabilsers work?
Decrease abnormal activity in the brain
MOOD STABILISERS
What can Mood stabilisers treat
Depression (usually along with an antidepressant)
Schizoaffective Disorder
Disorders of impulse control
Certain mental illnesses in children
MOOD STABILISERS
What are other types of mood stabilisers?
Anticonvulsants
Initially used for seizures but have mood stabilising effect also
MOOD STABILISERS
Common anti-convulsant used for mood stabilisation
Valporic acid
MOOD STABILISERS
Other anti-convulsants
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Oxcarbazepine
MOOD STABILISERS
Possible side effects
Itching, rash
Excessive thirst
Frequent urination
Tremor (shakiness) of the hands
Nausea and vomiting
Slurred speech
Fast, slow, irregular, or pounding heartbeat
Blackouts
Changes in vision
Seizures
Hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist)
Loss of coordination
Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, throat, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs.
MOOD STABILISERS
What needs to be monitored with patient of lithium
Kidney Function
Thyroid Function
PREGNANCY
Medications
AVOID:
- Mood Stabilisers
- Benzodiazepine
- Antipsychotics
OKAY:
- Antidepressants (SSRI best)
