Psychiatry - Liam Flashcards
Extrapyramidal side effects
Parkinsonism
Acute dystonia (systained muscle contraction)
Akathisia (restlessness)
Tardiv dyskinesia (late onset of choreoathetoid mvoements)
Dystonia
Sustained muscle contractions
Akathisia
Restlessness
Dyskinesia
Involuntary movements
What pathway relates to prolactin
Tuberoinfundibular pathway
What pathway involed in parkinsonism
Nigrostriatal
What pathway leads to hallucinations
Mesolimbic
What pathway leads to negative symptoms
Mesocortical
Mechanism of antipsychotics
Block dopamine receptors
What anti-deppresant is contraindicated in anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
Bupropion
Drugs for alcohol withdrawal syndrome
1 - chloradiaepoxide
2 - lorazepam if have hepatic failure
Granidose delusion
Self is superior to everyone else
Avolition
Decrease in motivation to perform purposeful activities
Catatonia
State of unresponsiveness
Neologism
Creation of new words
Passivity
Movements or sensations controlled by external force
Perseveration
Needlessly repeating a word they had previously expressed
Abergua
Lack of energy
Flight of ideas
Manic phase, rapid shifting of ideas
Circumstantiality
Over inclusive speech that is delayed to reaching final goal
What drugs are used for ADHD
Citalopram
Atomoxetine
Modafinil
Atomexetine mechanism
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Modafinil mechanism
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Metabolic state in bulimia nervosa
Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalaemia and hypocholeraemia
Reflex hallucinations
Normal sensory stimulus in one modaility precipitates hallucinations in another
Autoscopic hallucinations
Visual hallucinations where see yourself in external space
First person auditory hallucinations
Person hears own thoughts allowed
Elementary hallucinations
Simple, unstructured sounds
Haptic hallucinations
Tactile hallucinations, such as feeling of skin being touched
Suppresion
Intentional withholding an idea or feeling
Fixation
Partially remaing at a more childish level of development
Regression
Involuntary turning back clock to earlier modes of dealing with the world
Projections
Unacceptable internal impulse to an external source
Identification
Unconscious assumption of characteristics of another person
Displacement
Redirection of emotions to a neutral person or object
Reaction formation
Replacing a warded off idea or feeling by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite
Repression
Involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling without conscious awareness
Denial
Avoiding the awareness of a painful reality
Sublimation
Replacing an unacceptable wish with a cource of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with ones value system
Dissociation
Temporary, drastic change in personality or memory to avoid emotional stress
Splitting
Believing that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity - often seen as borderline personality disorder
Idealisation
Expressinv extremely positive thoughts of self and otehrs while ignoring negative ones
Projection
Attributing uncomfortable thoughts or feelings to others
What blood tests need to be arranged for patients on antipsychotics
FBC, glucose and calcium
What tests are done when on lithium
FBC
TFT
Kidneys (U&Es, GFR)
Delusional perception
Normal percetion acquires delusional significants
Delusional intuitions (autochthonous delusions)
Happen suddenly “out of the blue”
Delusional memories
Memories partially based on true events from past but with delusional beliefs attached
Delusional atmosphere
Overwhelming feeling that something important is going on, but you dont know what
Histrionic persoanlity disorder
Shallow and labile affectivity, theatrically, egocentricity, continual seeking of attention
Anakastic personality disorder
Similar to OCD, becomes preoccupied with details, rules and scedules that hinders performance doing the tasts
Nihilistic delusions
Belief that all or part of body, mind or world has ceased to exist
Cotard syndrome
Patient believes they are dead
Pareidolia
Vivid illusions from indistinct stimuli, such as seeing a face in the clouds
Completion illusion
Due to inattention when reading, such as misreading words or completing faded letters
Affect illusions
Associated with specific mood states, such as someone seeing there recently dead loved one
Trailing phenomena
ASsociated with hallucinogenic drugs, changes in perception where person seeins moving objects in series of discontinuous images
Lilliputian hallucinations
Visual hallucinations associated with micropsia (little things)
Incongruity of affect
Inappropriate emotional responses
Gustatory hallucination
Taste
Hypnagogic hallucination
Hearing a voice upon waking up
Echolalia
Repetition of words spoken by others
Logorrhea
Excessive wordiness
Paragrammatism
Loss of grammer mid sentence
Paraphasia
Mispronunciation of fingle words or combination of words in inappropriate or meaningless ways
Verbigeration
Monotonous repitition of parts of speech
Undoing
Performing an act to make up for past behaviour or guilt
Belle indiference
Indifferent emotional response to the level of impairment
Agorophibia
Exaggerated feas that cannot be rationalised or controlled, usually associated with strong avoidance
Hypnogogic hallucination
Hear someone whilst drifting off to sleep
Alogia
Poverty of speech
Bradyphasia
Slow speech
Intellectualisation
Focus upon facts of a situation as opposed to the difficult emotions they may be fealing
Rationalisation
To protect the ego, allows unacceptable behaviour to be justified in a logical manner
Functional hallucination
Auditory stimulus cauyses an hallucination, but both are heard
Catatonia
Severe form of psychomotor retardation where patient unresponsive to external stimuli despite being awake
Extracampine hallucinations
Individual experiences an hallucination outside the limits of their own sensory fields, such as seeing someone standing behind them when looking directly ahead
