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Random Stuff for 3rd Year Exam > Infections - Liam > Flashcards

Infections - Liam Flashcards

1
Q

Septic shock

A

Systolic blood pressure less than go despite fluid resuscitation

Hyperlactaemia (>4mmol/L)

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2
Q

Severe sepsis

A
  • When sepsis is present and results in organ dysfunction
    • Hypoxia
    • Oliguria
    • Acute kidney injury
    • Thrombocytopenia
    • Coagulation dysfunction
    • Hypotension
    • Hyperlactaemia
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3
Q

Sepsis 6

A
  • Take
    • Blood lactate
    • Blood cultures
    • Urine output
  • Give
    • Oxygen (maintain 94-98%)
    • Empiracal broad spectrum antibiotics
    • IV fluids
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4
Q

Chest infection cause

A
  • Viral common
  • Steptococcus pneumoniae (50%)
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5
Q

Chest infection antibiotics

A

Amoxicillin - community

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6
Q

UTI - cause

A

E-coli

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7
Q

UTI - management

A
  • Duration
    • 3 days for simple lower UTI of woman
    • 7 days for men, pregnant woman or catheter related UTI
  • Antibiotics
    • Trimethoprim
    • Nitrofurantoin
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8
Q

Pyelonephritis - management

A

Cefalexin

Co-amoxicalv

Trimethoprim

Ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

Cellulitis - cause

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

Cellulitis - treatment

A

Fluxlocaccillin

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11
Q

URTI - cause

A

USUALLY viral

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12
Q

Bacterial tonsillitis cause

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

Common causes of intra-abdominal infections

A

Anaerobes (bacteroides and clostridium)

E coli

Klebsiella

Enterococcus

Streptococcus

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14
Q

Abdominal infection - treatment

A

Co-amoxiclav

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15
Q

Septic arthritis - cause

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

Septic arthritis - treatment

A

Flucloxacillin plus rifampicin

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17
Q

Influenza - treatment

A
  • Only for those at risk of complications
    • Oral oselamivir
    • Inhaled zanamivir
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18
Q

Gastroenteritis - cause

A
  • Viral most common
    • Rotavirus
    • Norovirus
  • If bacterial
    • E-coli that produces shiga toxin (E-coli 0157)
    • Compylobacter jejuni (travelling)
    • Shigella
    • Bacillus cereus
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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Bacterial meningitis - cause

A
  • In adults and children
    • Neisseria meningitides and streptococcus pneumonia
  • In neonates
    • Group B streptococcus
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21
Q

Bacterial meningitis community - treatment

A

IM or IV of benzylpenicillin

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22
Q

Bacterial meningitis hospital - treatment

A
  • < 3 months
    • Cefotaxime plus amoxicillin
  • >3 months
    • Ceftriaxone
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23
Q

Viral meningitis - cause

A

Herpes simplex virus

Enterovirus

Varicella zoster virus

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24
Q

Viral meningitis - treatment

A

Aciclovir

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25
Q

TB - cause

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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26
Q

Management of acute pulmonary TB

A
  • RIPE
    • Rifampicin for 6 months
    • Isoniazid for 6 months
    • Pyrazinamide for 2 months
    • Ethambutol for 2 months
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27
Q

What should be prescribed with the antibiotics for TB to counter side effects

A

Pyridoxine to counter the peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid

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28
Q

Rifampicin - side effect

A

Red/orange urine and tears

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29
Q

Isoniazid - side effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy

30
Q

Pyrazinamide - side effect

A

Hyperuricaemia causing gout

31
Q

Ethambutol - side effects

A

Colour blindness and reduced visual acuity

32
Q

CD4 count of what is considered end stage HIV/AIDs

33
Q

HIV - treatment

A

2 NRTIs (tenofovir and emticitabine) plus third agent

34
Q

Classes of Highly Active Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (HAART)

A
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Integrase inhibitors
  • Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
  • Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Entry inhibitors
35
Q

What additional treatment is given for HIV

A
  • Prophylactic co-trimoxazole
    • Patient with <200 to protect against pneumocystic jurovecii pneumonia
36
Q

HIV - post exposure prophylaxis

A

Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir) and raltegavir) for 28 days

37
Q

Malaria - cause

A

Plasmodium falciparum

38
Q

Malaria - diagnosis

A

Malaria blood film

39
Q

malaria - treatment

A

Artesunate (complicated malaria) or quinine

40
Q

Transmission - HAV

A

Faecal oral

41
Q

Transmission - HBV

A

Parenteral

Sexual

Perinatal

42
Q

Transmission HCV

A

Parenteral

Sexual

Perinatal

43
Q

HDV transmission

A

Parenteral

44
Q

HEV transmission

A

Faecal oral

45
Q

What hepatitis viruses cause chronic infection?

A

HBV

HCV

HDV (only with HBV)

HEV (if immunocompromised)

46
Q

What hepatitis virus doesnt cause chronic sequalae?

47
Q

What hepatitis has vaccines

A

A - inactivated vaccine

B - recombinant vaccine

C - none

D - hep B immunisation

E - only in China

48
Q

CDI - treatment

A

Metronidazole - if no severity markers

Oral vancomycin - if severity markers

49
Q

Rabies - cause

A

Viral infection - lyssavirus

50
Q

Rabies - treatment

A

Human rabies immunoglobulin

51
Q

Brucellosis - cause

52
Q

Brucellosis - treatment

A

Long acting doxycycline and rifampicin

53
Q

Leptospirosis - cause

A

L. Harjo from cattle

54
Q

Leptospirosis - treatment

A

Doxycycline for mild

IV penicillin for severe

55
Q

Lyme disease - cause

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (transmitted by ticks)

56
Q

Lyme disease - treatment

A

Oral doxycycliene or amoxicillin or IV ceftriaxone

57
Q

Thrush - cause

A

Candida fungus

58
Q

Candidiasis - treatment

A

Inhalation steroids

59
Q

Invasive candidiasis treatment

A

Echinocandins and fluconazole

60
Q

Invasive aspergilosis treatment

A

Varicanazole and isavucanazole

61
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis - treatment

A

AmB and flucytosine followed by fluconazole maintainence

62
Q

Antifungal prophylaxis

A

Itraconazole and posazonazole

63
Q

Malaria - chemoprophylaxis

A

Malarone daily

Doxycycline daily (not for <12)

Mefloquine weekly

Chloroquine weekly and proquinil daily

64
Q

Typhoid - cause

A

Salmonella typhi

65
Q

Typhoid - treatment

A

Oral azithromycin - if uncomplicated

IV ceftriaxone - if complicated

66
Q

Dengua - cause

A

Mosquito borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus

67
Q

Schistosomiasis - cause

A

Parasite flatworms called schistosomes

68
Q

Schostosomiosis - treatment

A

Praziquantel

Prednisolone if severe

69
Q

Tick typhus - cause

A

Rickettsiosis

70
Q

Zika - cause

A

Flavivirus

71
Q

Atypical pneumonia - treatment

A

Azithromycin

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