psychiatry

Question 1

what is the term for learning in which a particular action is elected because it produces a punishment or reward. usually deals with voluntary responses

Answer 1

operant conditioning

Question 2

what is the term for when a patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician

Answer 2

transference

Question 3

what is the term for when the doctor projects feeling about formative or other important persons onto patient

Answer 3

countertransference

Question 4

what is the term for mental processes used to resolve conflict and prevent undesirable feelings

Answer 4

ego defenses

Question 5

what is the term for redirection of emotions or impulses to a neutral person or object

Answer 5

displacement

Question 6

what is the term for temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress. patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event

Answer 6

dissociation

Question 7

what immature defense does the describe: a victim of sexual abuse suddenly appears numb and detached when she is exposed to her abuser

Answer 7

dissociation

Question 8

what is the term for partially remaining at a more childish level of development

Answer 8

fixation

Question 9

what is this an example of: a surgeon throws a tantrum in the operating room because the last case ran very late

Answer 9

fixation

Question 10

what is the term for expressing extremely positive thoughts of self and others while ignoring negative thoughts

Answer 10

idealization

Question 11

what is the term for largely unconscious assumption of characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group

Answer 11

identification

Question 12

what is the term for using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation

Answer 12

intellectualization

Question 13

what is the term for separating feelings from ideas and events

Answer 13

isolation (of affect)

Question 14

what is the term for attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source

Answer 14

projection

Question 15

what is the term for proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self–blame

Answer 15

rationalization

Question 16

what is the term for replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite (vs sublimation)

Answer 16

reaction formation

Question 17

what is the term for involuntarily turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier odes of dealing with the world

Answer 17

regression

Question 18

what is the term for involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness

Answer 18

repression

Question 19

what is the term for replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with ones value system

Answer 19

sublimation

Question 20

what is this an example of: teenager’s aggression toward his farther is redirected to perform well in sports

Answer 20

sublimation

Question 21

what is the term for alleviating negative feelings via unsolicited generosity

Answer 21

altruism

Question 22

what is this an example of: mafia boss makes large donation to charity

Answer 22

altruism

Question 23

what is the term for intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness; temporary

Answer 23

suppression

Question 24

what is this an example of: choosing to not worry about the big game until it is time to play

Answer 24

suppression

Question 25

what is the term for appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation

Answer 25

humor

Question 26

what diagnosis does this describe: parents perceive the child as especially susceptible to illness or injury. usually follows a serious illness or life-threatening event. can result in missed school or overuse of medical services

Answer 26

vulnerable child syndrome

Question 27

what diagnosis does this describe: X-linked dominant disorder seen almost exclusively in girls. symptoms usually including regression chart by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, stereotyped hand-wringing.

Answer 27

rett syndrome

Question 28

what mutation is rett syndrome usually due to

Answer 28

de novo mutation of MECP2

Question 29

what diagnosis does this describe: repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of other or societal norms.

Answer 29

conduct disorder

Question 30

what diagnosis does this describe: enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms

Answer 30

oppositional defiant disorder

Question 31

what is the treatment for oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 31

psychotherapy such as CBT

Question 32

what diagnosis does this describe onset before age 10. severe and recurrent outbursts out of proportion to situation. child is constantly angry and irritable between outbursts.

Answer 32

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 33

what is the treatment for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 33

psychostimulants, antipsychotics, CBT

Question 34

inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult

Answer 34

retrograde amnesia

Question 35

inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult

Answer 35

anterograde amnesia

Question 36

inability to recall important personal info, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress. may be accompanied by dissociative fugue

Answer 36

dissociative amnesia

Question 37

abrupt travel or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia, associated with traumatic circumstances

Answer 37

dissociative amnesia

Question 38

what was dissociative identity disorder previously known as

Answer 38

multiple personality disorder

Question 39

what is the first line treatment for schizophrenia

Answer 39

anti-psychotics (risperidone)

Question 40

fixed, persistent, false belief system lasting > 1 month. functioning otherwise not impaired. can be shared by individuals in close relationships

Answer 40

delusional disorder

Question 41

what are the criteria needed for manic episode (at least 3)

Answer 41

distractibility irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness

Question 42

what disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years, fluctuating between mild depressive and hypopanic symptoms

Answer 42

cyclothymic disorders

Question 43

what are the 5 stages of grief

Answer 43

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Question 44

enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself

Answer 44

personality trait

Question 45

what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders

Answer 45

A, B and C (weird, wild, worried)

Question 46

what are the cluster A personality disorders

Answer 46

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Question 47

what cluster A personality disorder is this: pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others and a profoundly cynical view of the world

Answer 47

paranoid

Question 48

what cluster A personality disorder is this: voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation

Answer 48

schizoid

Question 49

what cluster A personality disorder is this: eccentric appearance, odd beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness

Answer 49

schizotypal

Question 50

what are the cluster B personality disorders

Answer 50

antisocial, bordline, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 51

what cluster B personality disorder is this: unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, self-mutiliation, suicidality, sense of emptiness

Answer 51

borderline

Question 52

what is the major defense mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder

Answer 52

splitting

Question 53

what cluster B personality disorder is this: excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexual provocative, overly concerned with appearance

Answer 53

histrionic personality disorder

Question 54

what are the cluster C personality disorders

Answer 54

avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent

Question 55

what cluster B personality disorder is this: hypersensitivity to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others

Answer 55

avoidant

Question 56

variety of bodily complaints lasting for months to years. associated with excessive, persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms.

Answer 56

somatic symptom disorders

Question 57

when do sleep terror disorders typically occur (stage of sleep)

Answer 57

non-REM sleep

Question 58

what are the stages of change in overcoming substance addiction

Answer 58

pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance, relapse

Question 59

what is the treatment for benzodiazepine use

Answer 59

flumazenil

Question 60

what are the severe side effects seen with amphetamines

Answer 60

cardiac arrest, seizures

Question 61

what is the treatment for amphetamines

Answer 61

benzodiazepines for agitation and seizures

Question 62

what is the treatment for cocaine

Answer 62

beta blockers, benzodiazepines

Question 63

what is the treatment for phencyclidine overdose

Answer 63

benzodiazepines, rapid-acting antipsychotic

Question 64

what is the preferred drug to treat ADHD

Answer 64

stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines)

Question 65

what is the preferred drug to treat alcohol withdrawal

Answer 65

benzodiazepines

Question 66

what is the preferred drug to treat bipolar disorder

Answer 66

lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics

Question 67

what is the preferred drug to treat bulimia nervosa

Answer 67

SSRIs

Question 68

what is the preferred drug to treat depression

Answer 68

SSRIs

Question 69

what is the preferred drug to treat generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 69

SSRIs, SNRIs

Question 70

what is the preferred drug to treat OCD

Answer 70

SSRIs, venlafaxine, clomipramine

Question 71

what is the preferred drug to treat panic disorder

Answer 71

SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines

Question 72

what is the preferred drug to treat PTSD

Answer 72

SSRIs, venlafaxine

Question 73

what is the preferred drug to treat schizophrenia

Answer 73

atypical antipsychotics

Question 74

what is the preferred drug to treat social anxiety disorder

Answer 74

SSRIs, venlafaxine

Question 75

what is the clinical use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 75

atypical depression, anxiety, parkinson disease (selegiline)

Question 76

what is the mechanism of action of bupropion

Answer 76

inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine

Question 77

what is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine

Answer 77

alpha2 antagonist, potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and H1 antagonist

Question 78

what is the mechanism of action of varenicline

Answer 78

nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist

Question 79

what does damage to the pontomesencephalic reticular formation result in

Answer 79

coma

Question 80

what does damage to the medullary reticular formation result in

Answer 80

insomnia

Question 81

what is the main function of the reticular formation

Answer 81

alertness

Question 82

what is the location of the cell bodies for norenephrine

Answer 82

pons: locus ceruleus and lateral tegmental area

Question 83

what is the location of serotonin cell bodies

Answer 83

midbrain and pons: raphe nuclei

Question 84

what does alexia without agraphia involve damage too

Answer 84

damage to splenium of corpus callous on left (PCA infarct)

Question 85

what is the term for inability to recognize a familiar object despite intact senses

Answer 85

agnosia

Question 86

what is the term for lack of awareness of seriousness of their condition

Answer 86

anosognosia

Question 87

what is the term for inability to identify object by only touch (despite normal somatosensory exam)

Answer 87

astereognosia

Question 88

loss of ability to perform a learned and familiar motor task despite normal strength and range of motion

Answer 88

apraxia

Question 89

what does contralateral neglect result from

Answer 89

damage to the right parietal lobe

Question 90

what is gerstmann syndrome caused by

Answer 90

damage to the left parietal lobe

Question 91

what is gerstmann syndrome indicated by

Answer 91

acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia and left-right confusion

Question 92

what part of the hippocampus is most vulnerable to seizure activity

Answer 92

CA4 region

Question 93

where are the key lesions with korsakoff/amnesic syndrome

Answer 93

thalamus and frontal lobe

Question 94

what lesion causes expressive dysprosody

Answer 94

broca area in frontal lobe

Question 95

what lesion causes receptive dysprosody

Answer 95

wernicke area of temporal lobe

Question 96

what is the most abused substance in america

Answer 96

nicotine

Question 97

what is the first line treatment for alcoholism

Answer 97

AA and rehabs

Question 98

what receptors does acamprosate target

Answer 98

glutamate receptors