key association Flashcards by joie Evans

actinic (solar) keratosis

percursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa

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age ranges for patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

ALL=child; CLL=adult over 60; AML=adult roughly 65; CML=adult 45-85

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alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

skip lesions (crohn disease)

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aortic aneurysm, abdominal

atherosclerosis

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aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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aortic aneurysm, thoracic

marfan syndrome

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aortic dissection

hypertension

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atrophy of the mammillary bodies

wernicke encephalopathy

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autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

sick cell disease

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bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and gastric malignancies

H pyori

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bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

S. pneumoniae

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bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

group B streptococcus/E.coli/listeria monocytopgenes (new borns), Spneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kinds/teens)

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bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

krukenberg tumor

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bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von willebrand factor)

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brain tumors (adults)

supratentorial; metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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brain tumor (kids)

infratentorial: medulloblasotma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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breast cancer

invasive ductal carcinoma

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breast mass

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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breast tumor (being, young women)

fibroadenoma

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cardiac primary tumor (kids)

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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cardiac manifestation of lupus

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (non-bacterial)

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cardiac tumor (adults)

metastasis, myxoma

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cerebellar tonsillar herniation

chiari I malformation

chronic arrhythmia

atrial fibrillation

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

DES exposure in utero

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

21-hydroxylase deficiency

congenital cardiac anomaly

VSD

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

dubin johnson syndrome

constructive pericarditis

TB; idiopathic, viral illness

cretinism

iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

cyanosis

tetralogy of ballot, transposition of great vessels, trunks arteriosus

death in CML

blast crisis

death in SLE

lupus nephropathy

demyelinating disease in young women

multiple sclerosis

DIC

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL

diverticulum in pharynx

zener diverticulum

ejection click

aortic stenosis

esophageal cancer

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

S aureus, B cereus

gastric cancer

adenocarcinoma

glomerulonephritis (adults)

berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

gynecologic malignancy

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

heart murmur, congenital

mitral valve prolapse

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

helminth infection (US)

ascaris lumbricoides

hematoma-epidural

rupture of middle meningeal artery

hematoma- subdural

rupture of riding veins

hemochromatosis

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

hepatocellular carcinoma

cirrhotic liver

hereditary bleeding disorder

von willebrand disease

hereditary harmless jaundice

gilbert syndrome

HLA-B27

psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis

HLA-DR3

DM type 1, SLE, graves disease, hashimoto thyroiditis, addisons disease

HLA-DR4

DM type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, addisons disease

holosystolic murmur

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

hyper coagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

birches triad

hypoparathyroidism

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

hypopituitarism

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

infection secondary to blood transfusion

HepC

infection in chronic granulomatous disease

S. aureus, E.coli, aspergillus

intellectual disability

down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected eft to right becomes right to left)

eisenmenger syndrome

liver disease

alcoholic cirrhosis

lysosomal storage disease

gaucher disease

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Hodgkin lymphoma

malignancy (kids)

leukemia, brain tumors

metastasis to brain

lung > brain > prostate > melanoma > GI

metastases to liver

colon > stomach > pancreas

mitochondrial inheritance

disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

mitral valve stenosis

rheumatic heart disease

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

myocarditis

coxsackie B

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

membranous nephropathy

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

minimal change disease

neuron migration failure

kallmann syndrome

obstruction of male urinary tract

BPH

opening snap

mitral stenosis

opportunistic infection in AIDS

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

osteomyelitis

S aureus

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Salmonella

osteomyelitis with IV drug use

pseudomonas, candida, S.aureus

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

serous cystadenoma

ovarian tumor (malignant)

serous cystadenocarcinoma

pancreatitis (acute)

gallstones, alcohol

philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

CML

pituitary tumor

prolactinoma, somatotropin adenoma

primary amenorrhea

turner syndrome

primary bone tumor (adults)

multiple myeloma

refractory peptic ulcer and high gastrin levels

zollinger-ellison syndrome, associated with MEN1

right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

cor pulmonale

S3 heart sound

increased ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

S4 heart sound

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricles (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

secondary hyperparathyroidism

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

SIADH

small cell carcinoma of lung

site of diverticula

sigmoid colon

sites of atherosclerosis

abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

t(14;18)

follicular lymphomas

t(8;14)

burrkitt lymphoma

temporal arteritis

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatic

tumor in women

leiomyoma

tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

neuroblastoma (malignant)

type of non-hodgkin lymphoma

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

HSV-1