classic labs/finding COPY Flashcards
1
Q
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
A
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)
2
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
scleroderma (CREST)
3
Q
anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibody
A
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
4
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
good pasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
5
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
drug induced SLE (hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
6
Q
anti-IgG antibodies
A
rheumatoid arthritis
7
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
8
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; glomerulomatis with polyangiitis; primary sclerosing cholangitis
9
Q
antinuclear antibodies
A
SLE (T3 HS)
10
Q
anti platelet antibodies
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
11
Q
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
celiac disease
13
Q
apple core lesion on barium enema X-ray
A
colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
14
Q
atypical lymphoctes
A
EBV
15
Q
azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)
16
Q
bacitracin response
A
sensitive; S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
17
Q
bamboo spine on xray
A
ankylosing spondylitis
18
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
19
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
20
Q
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
21
Q
boot shaped heart on X-ray
A
metrology of fallot
22
Q
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
actinomyces israelii
23
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
pan coast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause horner syndrome)
24
Q
brown tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystic (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
25
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (t. cruzi)
26
cellular crescents in bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis
28
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
homer wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
29
colonies of mucoid pseudomas in lungs
cystic fibrosis
30
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
31
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration
32
delta wave on EKG; short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia
wolfs-parkinson-white syndrome
33
depigmentation of neurons in substantial nigra
parkinson disease
34
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
35
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
call-exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
36
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromoplasia
koilocytes (HPV)
37
electrical alternans
pericardiac tamponade
38
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eye appearance of CMV
39
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
40
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
41
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
lewy body (parkinson disease and lewy body dementia)
42
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
43
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
nigiri bodies of rabies
44
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (alzheimer disease)
45
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)
reed sternberg cells (hodgkin lymphoma)
46
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell
schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
47
harn on end (crew cut) appearance on xray
beta-thalasemmia, sick cell disease (marrow expansion)
48
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
49
heart nodules (granulomatous)
aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
50
heterophiles antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
51
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (charcot-leden crystals; eosinophilic granules)
52
high levels of D dimers
DVT PE, DIC
53
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung loves (can calcify)
ghon complex (primary TB)
54
honeycomb lung on X-ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
55
hyper coagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
56
hyperhsegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
57
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
primary hyperaldosteronism (conn syndrome)
58
hypo chromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency, anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
59
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
60
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
61
keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
62
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
chediak-higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
63
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis
64
linear appearance of IGG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
goodpasture syndrome
65
low serum ceruloplasmin
wilson disease
66
lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (depositioni of IgG, IgM and C3)
67
lytic (punched out) bone lesions on X-ray
multiple myeloma
68
mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
69
monoclonal antibody spike
```
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM)
primary amyloidosis
```
70
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
71
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
string sign (crohn disease)
72
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis and good pasture syndrome
73
needle shaped, negatively birefringement crystals
gout
74
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
75
novobiocin response
sensitive is S.epidermidis; resistant is S. saprophytic
76
nutmeg appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure of budd-chiari syndrome
77
onion skin periosteal reaction
ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
78
optochin sensitivity
S. pneumonia is sensitive; viridian's streptococci is resistant
79
podocyte fusion or effacement on EM
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
80
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer disease) and pick bodies (pick disease)
81
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
82
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
83
raised periosteum (creating a codman triangle)
aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
84
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
85
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells
rink crystals (leydig cell tumor)
86
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
87
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)
88
rhomboid crystals, positive birefringent
pseudo gout
89
Rib notching
coarctation of aorta
90
ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
91
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)
burkitt lymphoma (t8:14); c-myc activation, associated with EBV; start sky made up of malignant cells
92
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
pick bodies
93
soap bubble in femur or tibia on X-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
94
spikes on basement membrane, dome like sub epithelial deposits
membrane nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
95
stacks of RBCs
rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
96
steeple sign on front CXR
croup (parainfluenza virus)
97
bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
98
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
99
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells
birbeck granules (langerhans cel histiocytosis)
100
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
101
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
102
thumb sign on lateral neck X-ray
epiglottis (haemophilus influenza)
103
thyroid like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis
104
tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferazive glomerulonephritis
105
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
106
uric acid levels
gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
107
waxy casts with very low urine flow
chronic end stage renal disease
108
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
109
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
110
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
111
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
