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Pharmacology > Psychiatric Drugs > Flashcards

Psychiatric Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name some Selective-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A

Fluoxetine, Citalopram and Paroxetine

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2
Q

What are SSRIs mechanism of action?

A

Reduce reuptake of serotonin from synaptic clefts, reducing symptoms of depression.

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3
Q

What are SSRI ADRs?

A

Anorexia, diarrhoea, tremor, mania, extrapyramidal symptoms.

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4
Q

What is an SSRI and SNRI DDI?

A

Use in combination with MAOIs can cause a risk if serotonin syndrome.

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5
Q

Name some Serotonin/Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors

A

Venlafaxine and Duloxetine

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6
Q

What is a contraindication of SNRI use?

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

What ADRs can SNRIs cause?

A

Anorexia, diarrhoea, mania, tremor, sleep disturbance, hypertension, dry mouth, hyponatraemia and extra-pyramidal symptoms

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8
Q

How do SNRIs work?

A

Block serotonin reuptake at low doses, and noradrenaline reuptake at higher doses.

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9
Q

Name some Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Amitriptylline, Imipramine, Lafepramine and Clomipromine

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10
Q

What are some contraindications for tryicyclic antidepressants?

A

Arrythmia, liver failure, recent MI, mania and epilepsy.

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11
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants work?

A

Inhibit noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake, as well as weakly antagonising histamine, muscarinic and alpha-1 and 2 adrenoreceptor.

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12
Q

What are ADRs of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Arrythmia, constipation, dry mouth, postural hypotension, sedation and weight gain.

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13
Q

What are some Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

A

Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine

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14
Q

How do MAOIs work?

A

Inhibit the MAO enzyme, responsible for serotonin and noradrenaline breakdown.

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15
Q

What are some ADRs for MAOIs?

A

Hypertension, excitement, tremor, dry mouth and blurred vision.

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16
Q

What DDIs exist for MAOIs?

A

Metabolism of alcohol, opioids and barbituates is reduced in MAOI use, increasing the likelihood of toxicity from these substances.

17
Q

Name 2 Typical (1st generation) anti-psychotics

A

Haloperidol, and Chlorpromazine

18
Q

How do typical anti-psychotics work?

A

Antagonise dopamine D2 receptors, reducing psychosis, and causing sedation and tranquilisation.

19
Q

Name some atypical (2nd generation) anti-psychotics

A

Olanzapine and Risperidone

20
Q

How do atypical anti-psychotics work?

A

Antagonise serotonin2A and D2 receptors, producing sedation and tranquilisation, and reducing psychosis.

21
Q

What are some ADRs of anti-psychotics?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, prolactinaemia, pigmentation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, CNS depression, cardiac toxicty, and prolonged QT.

22
Q

What are some Extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Dystonia, akathisia, and parkonsonism.

23
Q

How do typical and atypical anti-psychotic ADRs differ?

A

Atypical anti-psychotics feature less extrapyramidal symptoms.

24
Q

Why would lithium (lithium carbonate) be used?

A

As a mood stabiliser to prevent mania or depression in bipolar disorder.

25
Q

What is a contraindication for lithium use?

A

Renal impairment

26
Q

What are symptoms of lithium toxicity?

A

Restlessness, agitation, dysarthia and coarse tremor.

27
Q

What are ADRs for lithium?

A

Memory problems/ learning new information difficulties, thirst, polyuria, fine tremor, drowsiness, weight gain, rash, diarrhoia and alopecia.

28
Q

What is a DDI of lithium?

A

NSAIDs, which raise lithium availability.

29
Q

How is lithium toxicity treated?

A

IV fluids, haemodialysis and anticonvulsants.

30
Q

What 2 classes of drugs can treat Alzheimers Disease (non-vascular dementia)?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists.

31
Q

What acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be used?

A

Doneprazil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine

32
Q

How do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors work?

A

Increase levels of ACh, improving arousal, memory, mood and attention.

33
Q

What ADRs exist for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Diarrhoea, anorexia, fatigue, insomnia, headahce and bradycardia, peptic ulceration and COPD exacerbation.

34
Q

What DDIs exist for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Beta-blockers, which cause increased bradycardia.

35
Q

How do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve alzheimer’s prognosis?

A

Provide an additional year for which the patient will function well enough to not require full time care.

36
Q

What is an NMDA antagonist used?

A

Memantine

37
Q

What are ADRs for NMDA antagonists?

A

Hypertension, dyspnoea, headache, dizziness and drowsiness.

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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