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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

How do Beta-lactams work?

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis and reduce cell wall integrity.

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2
Q

How do glycopeptides work?

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis and reduce cell wall integrity.

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3
Q

Name a class of antibiotics which targets the phospholipid membrane?

A

Polymixins

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4
Q

How does metronidazole work?

A

Inhibits prokaryotic DNA synthesis

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5
Q

How does Rifampicin work

A

Inhibits prokaryotic DNA polymerase

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6
Q

How do quinolones work?

A

Inhibits prokarytoic DNA gyrase

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7
Q

How do macrolides work?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis at 50s ribosomes

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8
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis at 30s ribosomes

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9
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis at 30s ribosomes

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10
Q

How do cephalosporins work?

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

Name a cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

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12
Q

Name an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

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13
Q

Name a glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

What toxicities can gentamicin and vancomycin cause?

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

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15
Q

Name some common antibiotic ADRs

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (C. dificile), diarrhoea, fever, vaginal candidiasis.

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16
Q

Name the three types of horizonal gene transfer in conveying antibiotic resistance

A

Transformation (DNA released by one cell and taken in by another), Transduction (phage carries DNA from one cell to another), Conjugation (gene passed on after two cells join).

17
Q

Name 5 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A

Enzymes which inactivate the antibiotic (e.g. beta-lactamase), drug binding site alteration, metabolic pathway changes, active antibiotic efflux, and reduced membrane permeability to the antibiotic.

18
Q

Name 2 common macrolides

A

Clarithromycin and erythromycin

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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