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COMLEX/USMLE 1 > PSYCH/VITAMINS/SLEEP > Flashcards

PSYCH/VITAMINS/SLEEP Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

vitamin def that causes
beriberi= peripheral neuropathy, dilated cardiomyopathy
wernicke
enlarged heart

A

vitamin B1, thiamine

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2
Q

vitamin def that causes
mouth lesions

A

Vit B2, riboflavin

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3
Q

vitamin def that causes
Pellagra- Glossitis, sores, weakness, abd pain

A

Vit B3, niacin

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4
Q

vitamin def that causes
peripheral neuropathy
anemia

(prob from Isoniazid, methyldopa)

A

Vit B6, pyridoxine

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5
Q

vitamin def that causes
neural tube defects
stomatitis (sore tongue, diff swallowing)
megaloblastic anemia

A

Vit B9, folate

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6
Q

vitamin def that causes
peripheral neuropathy
megaloblastic anemia

(from stomach surgeries, vegetarians)

A

Vit B12, cyanocobalamin

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7
Q

awake-eyes open “BATS Don’t Bite”

A

Beta

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8
Q

awake-eyes closed

A

Alpha

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9
Q

Stage 1 NREM

A

theta

(lightest stage of sleep)

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10
Q

Stage 2 NREM

A

sleep spindles, K complexes

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11
Q

Stage 3 NREM “slow wave sleep”

A

Delta

(High amp, low freq, deepest level of sleep)
*WHERE SLEEP WALKING, NIGHT TERRORS, BEDWETTING OCCUR, also associated with depression

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12
Q

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage

A

Beta

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13
Q

Narcolepsy daytime sleepiness **orexin
-hypnagogic hallucinations (dream like hallucinations on falling asleep) “strange vivid dreams”
-cataplexy (sudden transient hypotonia)
-sleep paralysis

what is the finding on the sleep study

A

DECREASED REM Latency- enter REM sleep almost immediately after falling asleep

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14
Q

what stage of sleep does this occur

SLEEP WALKING, NIGHT TERRORS, BEDWETTING OCCUR, also associated with depression

A

STAGE 3 NREM (delta)

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15
Q

DECREASED total REM sleep is associated with

A

alcohol, barbs, benzos, increased NE (anxiety disorders)

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16
Q

Early morning awakening, and INCREASED total REM sleep is seen in patients with

A

depression

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17
Q

sorts people into categories of “all good” or “all bad”

A

splitting

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18
Q

denies unwanted feelings in the self and attributes them to others

“i strongly hate my teacher, accuse him of giving me detention because he hates me”

A

projection

19
Q

refuses to accept reality to avoid unwanted feelings

A

denial

20
Q

disconnects self from reality, often associated with impaired perception/cognition

A

dissociation

21
Q

expresses unwanted feelings via behaviors

“screaming at teacher after receiving detention from her”

A

acting out

22
Q

focuses extensively on facts instead of unwanted emotions

A

intellectualization

23
Q

thinks of justifications for problematic situations/feelings

A

rationalization

24
Q

transfers unwanted feelings from source of stress, to another person or object

“i got grounded, yell at sister for getting A on test”

A

Displacement

25
Q

turns unacceptable feelings into the opposite

A

reaction formation

26
Q

hides thoughts/feelings from consciousness

A

repression

27
Q

copes with stresses by resisting demands, requests, expectations of others but not in a directly aggressive way

“feel frustrated at teacher for getting detention, begins to submit homework late or skip class”

A

passive aggression

28
Q

makes light of uncomfy thoughts/feelings

A

humor

29
Q

does helpful things as a way to deal with painful thoughts/feelings

A

altruism

30
Q

transfers uncomfy thoughts/feelings directly from unconscious to conscious in a useful/productive form

A

sublimation

31
Q

consciously and purposefully decides to remove thoughts/feelings from consciousness

A

suppression

32
Q

humor
altruism
sublimation
suppression

A

mature defense mechanisms

33
Q

attention seeking, provocative behavior (sexually inappropriate, seductive gestures), dramatic expression of emotions (theatrical performances)

*Cluster B

A

Histrionic personality disorders

34
Q

choosing solitary activities
emotional coldness
lack of friends
quite content with being alone

*Cluster A

A

Schizoid personality disorder

35
Q

constant need to be in a relationship
feels helpless when alone
cant make everyday decisions alone
difficulty disagreeing with others due to their need from them to help them with their tasks that they have difficulty doing alone

*Cluser C

A

Dependent personality disorder

36
Q

doubts others motives
questions fidelity of partner
holds grudges easily

*Cluster A

A

Paranoid personality disorder

37
Q

fear of abandonment
unstable self image
unstable relationships
impulsive, difficulty controlling anger, marked mood reactivity
recurrent SUICIDAL behaviors, SELF HARM

*Cluster B

A

Borderline personality disorder

38
Q

personality disorder that is magical thinking, eccentric, and paranoia

TX: psychotherapy

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

(Cluster A)

39
Q

cluster A personality disorders

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

40
Q

what describes cluster A personality disorders

A

odd, eccentric

41
Q

what describes cluster B personality disorders

A

dramatic
emotional
erratic

42
Q

what describes cluster C personality disorders

A

anxious
fearful

43
Q

cluster B personality disorders:

A

antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic

44
Q

cluster C personality disorders:

A

avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive

COMLEX/USMLE 1 (17 decks)

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