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COMLEX/USMLE 1 > CANCER/MORE GENES/HEME > Flashcards

CANCER/MORE GENES/HEME Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. hollow “ground glass” nuclei, 2. laminar calcified “psammoma bodies”
  2. nontender, fixed thyroid nodule
  3. “orphan annie eyes”

**associated with history of radiation exposure, BRAF mutations
*excellent prognosis

A

Papillary Carcinoma

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2
Q
  1. invades thyroid capsule (unlike adenoma)
  2. Hematogenous spread (skips LN)
  3. PAX8-PPARy mutations
A

Follicular Carcinoma

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3
Q
  1. originates from parafollicular “C” cells
  2. assoc w/ MEN2A, 2B, familial carcinoma
  3. RET proto oncogene mutation, Calcitonin tumor marker
A

Medullary Carcinoma

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4
Q
  1. MC affects elderly
  2. rapidly enlarging neck mass
  3. TP53 mutation
A

Anaplastic Carcinoma

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5
Q

Anti-nuclear (ANA)
anti-dsDNA
anti-smith

A

SLE

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6
Q

Anti-ribonucleoprotein (U1 RNP)

A

Mixed connective tissue disease (SLE, polymyositis, systemic sclerosis)

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7
Q

anticentromere (CREST)- calcinosis cutis, raynaud, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyl, telangictasias)

A

Systemic Sclerosis (limited cutaneous sys sclerosis)

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8
Q

Anti endomysial ab
small bowel villous atrophy
crypt hypertrophy
IDA, dermatitis herpetiforms

A

Celiac dz (AI intestine disorder)

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9
Q

antimitochondrial ab (AMA)
-anti gp210
-AI damage of small interlobular bile ducts

A

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

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10
Q

P-ANCA

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

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11
Q

anti-LKM1
anti-smooth muscle

A

AI hepatitis

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12
Q

-Pediatric AI neuropsychological disorder (PANDA)
-Scarlet fever
-

A

S. Pyogenes GAS

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13
Q

3 C’s
Koplik
rash face –> extremities
Acute dissem encephalitis (within 2 wks after)
Subacute sclerosis panenceph (7-10 YEARS after)

A

Measles (Rubeola)

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14
Q

Progressive Pancephalitis

A

Congenital RUBELLA

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15
Q

anti-histone ab

A

Drug induced lupus

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16
Q

Anti SS A Ro, Anti SS B La

A

Sjogren

*AI destruction of lacrimal/salivary glands
*dry mouth, eyes, swallowing, poor dental hygiene

17
Q

columnar metaplasia replaces normal squamous epithelium

*barretts, GERD

A

esophageal adenocarcinoma

distal 1/3

18
Q

“slightly raised non blanching rash on butt/extensor, abd pain, joint pain, tenderness. Previous URI last week.”

Urinalysis: INC RBC
Palpable purpura rash
Commonly follows a viral/strep URI in children
*SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS

what is it and what will renal biopsy show

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: triad of hematuria withOUT any other urinalysis probs, join/abd pain, palpable purpura rash

“IgA immune complex deposits in mesangium”

differentiate from IgA nephropathy (berger): HSP is systemic, Berger is confined to kidneys

19
Q

New onset hematuria in children, WITH protein in urine
“dense deposit tram track disease”
dense deposit of C3 in center of basement membrane

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 2

20
Q

Normal Light microscopy, with foot processes fusion on Electron microscopy with PODOCYTES
-Nephrotic syndrome: selective PROTEIN in urine, albumin lost
**NO HEMATURIA

A

Minimal Change disease

21
Q

“spike and dome” evenly spaced
small IgG deposits along subepithelial aspect of glomerular basement membrane
Nephrotic syndrome in adults: PROTEIN in urine, hematuria is ONLY SEEN IF COMBINED WITH ANOTHER ILLNESS (hep B/C)

A

Membranous Glomerulopathy

22
Q

detects presence of Ab AGAINST RBC’s in a recipients SERUM, PRIOR to receiving a transfusion (looks if there will be a possible reaction)

*also used to determine if a Rh- preg woman developed anti-Rh ab during previous preg, which would place current fetus at risk of hemolytic disease of newborn

A

Indirect coombs test (if there are any AGAINST)

23
Q

Analyzes a person’s RBCs, To detect recipient antibodies BOUND to surface antigens on donor RBC’s. AFTER THE TRANSFUSION

**diagnoses acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.

A

DIRECT Coombs test (if there are any BOUND)

24
Q

Spectrin deficiency
decreases mechanical stability of RBCs, prevents maintenance of normal RBC shape, and increasing susceptibility to lysis in a hypotonic solution

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

25
Q

what test is a screening test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

26
Q

what syndrome is infarction of the pituitary gland (all hormones decreased), and is associated with significant postpartum bleeding causing hypoperfusion of pituitary gland

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

27
Q

anti-Jo-1 , ^^ serum creatine kinase
**symmetrical proximal muscle weakness (difficult rising from seated position)
***HELICOTROPE RASH ON UPPER EYELID
**GOTTRON papules on dorsal hands (metacarpals and interpharyngeals)

A

dermatomyositis/polymyositis

28
Q

anti-centromere

A

CREST

29
Q

anti-DNA Top 1
Scl-70

A

Systemic Sclerosis-“scleroderma”
-diffuse fibrosis of skin, visceral organ involvement

COMLEX/USMLE 1 (17 decks)

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