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COMLEX/USMLE 1 > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

gram neg coccobacillus
Urease +

A

H. pylori

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2
Q

fever in malaria coincides with what

A

rupture of RBC’s

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3
Q

what is the best protection against syphilis

A

condom

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4
Q

mcc of meningitis of newborn?

A

S. agal (Group B strep)

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5
Q

mcc of meningitis in 1month old-18 yo?

A

N. meningitis

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6
Q

mcc of meningitis >18 yo?

A

S. pneumo

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7
Q

what is mc seen with osteomyelitis in HbSS patients

A

S. aureus

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8
Q

cave explorer in ARIZONA with resp infection

A

Coccidioidomycosis

*large spherule endospores

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9
Q

AIDS pt with acute cholecystitis

A

Cryptosporidium and CMV are MCC

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10
Q

traveler to mexico who 1 week later develops a watery diarrhea with mucus and blood and colicky bowel movements

A

Amebiasis

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11
Q

MCC of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

A

P. aeruginosa

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12
Q

1-6 hours after eating contaminated food with preformed toxin, self limited

A

S. aureus food poisoning

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13
Q

serotype of E. coli
-HUS
-raw hamburger

A

O157:H7

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14
Q

Bridge painter in NYC with resp infection, MC is histoplasmosis/cryptococcus (pigeons).. what do u tx pt with

A

Amph B

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15
Q

oocysts that are acid fast positive in a patient with AIDS

A

cryptosporidium (oocysts with 4 sporozoites)

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16
Q

elderly man who lives at home with his wife, develops pneumonia

A

S. pneumo

(MC typical CAP)

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17
Q

squamous cancer of the bladder
**host is a snail
painless blood in urine, vague abd pain
**SWIMMERS ITCH
-contaminated water sources, cercarieae

A

S. hematobium (egg has nipple on end)

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18
Q

how to tx syphilis

A

penicillin

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19
Q

how to tx gonorrhea

A

ceftriax+ doxy

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20
Q

tx of BV (clue cells, gardnerella vaginalis)

A

metronidazole

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21
Q

tx of trichomoniasis (anaerobe)

A

metronidazole **TREAT THE PARTNER TOO

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22
Q

tx of pseudomembranous colitis

A

metronidazole

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23
Q

india ink prep with narrow based bud/

monomorphic encapsulated yeast

A

cryptococcus neof

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24
Q

resp problem with pigeons

A

cryptococcus

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25
Q

fungus ball in abandoned TB cavity
-hemoptysis
-fruiting body

A

aspergillus

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26
Q

frontal lobe abscess in patient with DKA

A

mucormycosis

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27
Q

CF pneumonia (green colored sputum)
-MCC of death in burns
-malignant otitis externa
-exthyma gangrenosum
-“step on nail with smelly shoes”
-“hot tub folliculitis”
-resp infxns “loves water”

A

pseudomonas related infections

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28
Q

water coolers
flu like syndrome
hyponatremia
hyPERkalemia from interstitial nephritis
dieterle SILVER STAIN

TX WITH ERYTHROMYCIN

A

legionella

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29
Q

cat bite
potential for septic arthritis/tendinitis

A

pasteurella multocida

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30
Q

MCC of myocarditis, pericarditis, aseptic meningitis

A

COXSACK BIRUS

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31
Q

PEAR shaped flagella

** uninucleate trophozoites with 4 motile flagella

A

trichomonas

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32
Q

pseudohyphae and yeast

A

candida

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33
Q

owl eyes with flagella
*pear shaped trophozoite
*small bowel inflammation and villous atrophy
**troph have 4 pairs of flagella and 2 nuclei which attach to crypts thru a SUCKING DISK ON VENTRAL SURFACE

A

giardia

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34
Q

trophozoite in protozoa (diarrhea w ulcer)

A

E. histolytica- protozoa

(trophozoite with single nucleus containing central karyosome)

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35
Q

neonatal pneumonia
afebrile
staccato cough, eosinophilia
wheezing

A

C. trachomatis
(contracted while passing thru birth canal)

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36
Q

squamous cells
koilocytosis
pyknotic nucleus with clear halo

A

HPV

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37
Q

gram pos branching filaments (anaerobic-not acid fast)
IUD
sulfur granules (yellow)
draining sinus from jaw/cutaneous fistulas after dental surgery

A

Actinomycosis israelii

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38
Q

endometriosis, plasma cells present

A

S. Agal (GBS)

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39
Q

MOA of s. agal (GBS)

A

inhibits phagocytosis

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40
Q

receptor for HIV

A

CD4 molecule on helper T cells

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41
Q

Protein A attaches to Fc receptor of macrophages, blocking opsonization of bacteria

A

S. aureus

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42
Q

moves with flagella
Urease +

A

P. mirabilis

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43
Q

alpha toxin inhibits EF-2 by ADP ribosylation, blocking protein synthesis

*GRAY PSEUDOMEMBRANE in back of mouth
*BULL NECK (neck edema)

A

C. diphtheria

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44
Q

requires sterols

A

M. pneumonia

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45
Q

tumbling motility, gram pos rod,
b hemolysis on blood agar

*mainly contracted from eating unpasteurized cheese

A

listeria monocytogenes

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46
Q

gray membrane that bleeds when removed

A

C. diphtheria

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47
Q

transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquito
-breakbone fever
-hemorrhagic

A

Dengue fever

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48
Q

infxn associated with premature rupture of membrane

A

S. agalact (GBS)

*CAMP test

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49
Q

where is location for S. aureus carriers

A

Anterior nares

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50
Q

mcc of diarrhea in children

A

rotavirus

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51
Q

attaches to urogenital epithelium
-#1 for UTI

A

E. coli

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52
Q

person working with animal hides develops lung disease

**SOLITARY ULCER W BLACK CENTER

A

B. anthrax

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53
Q

evades host destruction via polysaccharide capsule

A

cryptococcus

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54
Q

child with anemia and diarrhea

A

hookworm- produces iron deficiency

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55
Q

lymphocutaneous nodules in a rose gardener

A

sporotrichosis

TX: with potassium oxide

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56
Q

-elderly male smoker
-non productive cough, bacteria cant grow on ordinary media (must have iron/cysteine)

**silver stain

A

Legionella

Tx: erythromycin

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57
Q

how to destroy C. diff in bedpan

A

autoclave

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58
Q

spores associated with beaver dams and inland water ways

A

blastomycosis

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59
Q

impetigo (THICK YELLOW GOLDEN CRUSTS)

A

S. aureus (MCC) or GAS (s. progenies)

impetigo in strep can lead to glomerulonephritis (abnormal urinalysis)

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60
Q

tx of schistomsomiasis

A

praziquantel

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61
Q

what 2 bacteria have quick onset (1-6 hours) after food contamination?

*have preformed heat stable toxins (does NOT respond to antibiotics since they are preformed)
*VOMITING is predominant

A

s. aureus
B. cereus

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62
Q

reheated rice
enterotoxin= nonbloody diarrhea
cereulide toxin= n/v

A

B. cereus

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63
Q

heat labile toxin
improper canned foods, raw honey
*floppy baby syndrome, descending paralysis (unable to lift head)
*ptosis of eye

“homemade organic baby food”

A

C. botulinum

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64
Q

reheated meat

A

C. perfringens

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65
Q

undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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66
Q

deli meats and soft cheeses

A

listeria

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67
Q

raw poultry, eggs, meat, turtles
**ACID LABILE- NOT ACID STABLE
**H2S PRODUCING ON HEKOTEN AGAR (black colonies)
OSTEOMYELITIS IN SCD

A

Salmonella

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68
Q

mayo/custard -food poisoning
**SIALOADENITIS- tender swollen salivary glands/neck mass, purulent oral discharge, Inflammation, fever/chills

A

S. aureus

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69
Q

contaminated seafood

A

V. vulnificus

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70
Q

campy
EHEC
EIEC
E. histolytica
nontyphoidal salmonella
shigella
yersinia

A

bloody/inflammatory diarrhea

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71
Q

gastroenteritis organisms w/ direct intestinal mucosal invasion (bloody diarrhea)

A

Campy
E. histolytica
salmonella
shigella

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72
Q

food borne illness organisms that directly invade intestinal epithelial cells

A

C. perfringens
ETEC
Vibrio cholera

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73
Q

heat labile: activates adenylate cyclase, INC camp, INC Cl secretion in gut, H20 efflux

A

ETEC

*travelers diarrhea/no fever

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74
Q

heat stabile: guanylate cyclase, INC cgmp, DEC absorption of NaCl/H2O

A

ETEC

*travelers diarrhea/no fever

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75
Q

shiga like toxin: inactivates 60s ribosome by removing adenosine from ribosomal RNA

Enhances cytokine release–> HUS

A

EHEC

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76
Q

inactivates 60s ribosome by removing adenosine from ribosomal RNA
**HIGHLY VIRULENT, ACID STABLE
Enhances cytokine release–> HUS

A

Shiga toxin, shigella

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77
Q

Cholera toxin: over activates adenylate cyclase, INC camp, INC Cl secretion in intestine, H20 efflux

**rice water diarrhea, infected seafood

A

V. cholerae

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78
Q

virulence factor of E. coli in UTI

A

p-fimbriae, allows adhesion to uroepithelium

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79
Q

VF of E.coli in neonatal meningitis

A

K1 capsular polysaccharide: prevents phagocytosis/complement mediated lysis

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80
Q

3 C’s : cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
koplik spots (blue/white in mouth)
rash start on head
–>trunk/extremities

**CAN LEAD TO SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANCEPHALITIS (neuro probs, behavior changes, problems w schoolwork, myoclonus-involuntary spasms 7-10 years after measles dx)

**usually says no vax

A

measles/rubeola

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81
Q

rash on head–> trunk/extremities
occipital/postauricular lymph

A

Rubella/german measles

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82
Q

high fever for 3-5 days, rash once fever subsides
trunk–>extremitis
<5 yo

A

Roseola/ HHV6

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83
Q

sandpaper like rash on neck/Upper trunk
fever/sore throat

**RF/Glomerulonephritis

A

S. pyrog/ GAS/ scarlett fever

84
Q

can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnancy women, “slapped cheek”

A

parvovirus b19

85
Q

T. solium
E. granulosus
D. latum

A

Tapeworms/Cestodes

86
Q

Schistosoma
C. sinensis

A

Flukes/Trematodes

87
Q

hyatid liver cysts

A

dominant host: dog
E. granulosus

88
Q

Vit B12 deficiency, ingesting larvae from raw freshwater fish

A

D. latum

89
Q

cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis
ingestion of larvae from undercooked pork

A

T. solium

90
Q

Sand fly

A

Leishmaniasis

91
Q

Deer fly/Loa Loa

A

Loiasis

92
Q

Black fly/Onchocerca volvulus
-black river blindness
*female black fly, black skin nodules, black sight)

TX: ivermectin

A

Onchocerciasis (eye pain/redness)

93
Q

Tsetse fly/ T. brucei

A

Trypanosomiasis

94
Q

rabbits, ticks, deer flies

A

F. tularensis

95
Q

Fleas (rat reservoir)

A

Yersinia pestis/plague

96
Q

tick borne illness, flu like symptomsc
*Rocky mountain spotted fever/dermacentor (dog tick)

**rash that STARTS ON WRISTS/ANKLES AND SPREADS INWARDS CENTRALLY

A

Rickettsia

97
Q

Lyme disease/burgdorferi
*scleral icterus, erythema migrans
*spiral shaped bacterium, merozoites arranged in tetrads

A

Ixodes (deer tick)

98
Q

“if you hurt your knee, You Can Certainly CuSS”

Yersinia enter.
Campy
C. diff
Chlamydia trach
Salmonella
Shigella

A

Causes of reactive arthritis

99
Q

-PAINFUL genital lesion
-curved gram neg rod
-gray exudate, ragged borders, inguinal lymphadenopathy

A

H. ducreyi/chancroid

100
Q

HSV 2/ multiple vesicular lesions
H. ducreyi/chancroid

A

PAINFUL genital lesions

101
Q

“Kansas City Takes Shane Hynes”
Klebs/granuloma inguinale
Chlamydia / Lymphogranuloma
Trep Pallidum/ prim syphil/chancre
Sec syphilis/condyloma lata
HPV

A

PAINLESS genital lesions

102
Q

painless beefy red ulcer that bleeds easily

A

Klebs/granuloma inguinale

103
Q

painless genital lesion, with PAINFUL lymph
**BUBOES

-PID, reactive arthritis

A

Chlamydia (L1-L3)

104
Q

condyloma acuminata
genital warts, kilocytes

A

HPV 6 and 11

105
Q

Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis
creamy copious purulent discharge
-gram neg intracellular diplococci

A

N. Gonorrhea

106
Q

GUMMAS
tabes dorsalis
argyll robertson pupil

A

Tertiary syphillis
T. pallidum

107
Q

FROTHY YELLOW GREEN FOUL SMELL vaginitis
strawberry cervix
FLAGELLATED PROTOZOA- ** uninucleate trophozoites with 4 motile flagella
motile in wet prep

A

Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis

108
Q

GRAY MILKY FISHY ODOR
CLUE CELLS
BV
ph > 4.5

A

gardnerella vaginalis

109
Q

white crumbly thick cottage cheese like, ODORLESS
-pseudohyphae
ph <4.5

A

Candida albicans/ vaginal yeast infection

110
Q

BLOODY/MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
obligate intracellular organisms that gram stain poorly
**INTRACELLULAR INCLUSION BODIES (YELLOW AND BROWN HISTO PIC)
(has neutrophils but no organism on gram stain)

**leads to PID, reactive arthritis
**GIEMSA stain, NAA

A

Chlamydia trach

111
Q

Inflammatory lung disease, verrucous skin lesions
lytic bone lesions
great lakes region

A

Blastomycosis

**broad based budding

112
Q

Bird/bat droppings
mississippi/ ohio valleys
palate/tongue ulcers/ splenomegaly

A

Histoplasmosis

*small uniform yeast with narrow based budding

113
Q

M. pneumo
Adenovirus
Chlamydia pneumo

(insidious onset, low fever, DRY cough, HA, fatigue)

***PATCHY INFILTRATES

A

Atypical Pneumonia

*COLD AGGLUTIN TES

114
Q

“KASH”
Klebs pneumo- currant jelly sputum/thick, bloody, mucoid
staph AUREUS
S. pneumo
H. pneumo

(acute onset, HIGH FEVER, PRODUCTIVE COUGH, PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN)

**LOBAR CONSOLIDATION

A

TYPICAL PNEUMO (CAP)

115
Q

HIGH WBC (>1000)
HIGH opening pressure
HIGH protein
LOW glucose
NEUTROPHILS

A

BACTERIAL meningitis (H. infl/N. men)

116
Q

HIGH WBC (< 500)
HIGH opening pressure
HIGH protein
LOW glucose
LYMPHOCYTES

A

FUNGAL meningitis/TB (crypto neof)

117
Q

HIGH WBC ( <300)
NORMAL OR HIGH open pressure
NORM OR HIGH protein
NORMAL glucose
LYMPHOCYTES

A

VIRAL meningitis/encephilitis (HSV1)

**temporal lobe encephalitis

118
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC bacilli

A

Listeria
Bacillus (spore forming)
Corynebacterium

119
Q

GRAM POS, ANAEROBIC bacilli

A

Clostridium (spore forming, spores are filled with dipicolinic acid)

120
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC branching filaments

A

Nocardia (WEAKLY acid fast)

121
Q

GRAM POS, ANAEROBIC branching filaments

A

Actinomyces (NOT acid fast)

122
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
A-hemolysis (partial)
OPTOCHIN SENS
ENCAPSULATED

A

s. pneumo

123
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
A-hemolysis (partial)
OPTOCHIN RESISTANT
UN- ENCAPSULATED

A

S. viridian’s (S. mutans/mitis)

124
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
B-hemolysis (complete)
BACITRACIN SENSITIVE
CAMP -

A

S. Pyogens (GAS)

125
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
B-hemolysis (complete)
BACITRACIN RESISTANT
CAMP +

A

S. Agalact (GBS)

126
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
Y-hemolysis (none)
GROW IN 6.5% NaCL

A

Enterococci (E. faecium, E. faecalis)

127
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CHAINS)
catalase NEG
coagulase NEG
Y-hemolysis (none)
DO NOT GROW IN 6.5% NaCL

A

Nonenterococcus S. bovis

128
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CLUSTER)
catalase POS
coagulase POS
B- hemolytic growth

A

s. aureus

129
Q

GRAM POS, AEROBIC cocci (CLUSTER)
catalase POS
coagulase NEG
NOVOBIOCIN SENS
GAMMA hemolytic

A

S. epidermis
S. sapro

130
Q

B. pertussis, VF that is Ga1, protein coupling inhibited, blocking signal transduction

A

Pertussis toxin

131
Q

VF of C. Dipth (protein synthesis is blocked)

A

Diphtheria Toxin (inactivates eukaryotic host ribosomal protein elongation factor 2)

132
Q

VF of Pseudomonas (protein synthesis is blocked)

A

Exotoxin A

133
Q

VF of B. Anthrax

A

Edema toxin (ET) and Lethal toxin (LT)

134
Q

VF of C. botulinum

A

botulinum neurotoxin

135
Q

VF of C. Diff

A

Toxins A and B

136
Q

VF of C. tetani

A

tetanus toxin

137
Q

VF of Listeria

A

Listeriolysin

138
Q

VF of staph aureus that causes SSSS, bullous impetigo

A

Exfoliatin Toxin (ETA)

139
Q

Vf of staph aureus that causes watery diarrhea

A

Staph Enterotoxin

140
Q

Vf of staph aureus that causes Shock, fever, inflammation

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

141
Q

what has hyaluronic acid capsules that prevents opsonization and phagocytosis, and has M protein, streptolysin, TSST

A

S. pyogenes

142
Q

what 3 bacteria have IgA protease

A

S. pneumo
H. influenza
Neisseria

143
Q

CD4 <500

A

candida (oral thrush)
EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia
HPV (SCC anus/cervix)
HHV8 (kaposi)

144
Q

what bacteria has Pneumolysin

A

S. pneumo

145
Q

CD4 < 250

A

Coccidioides

146
Q

CD4< 200

A

PJP
Histoplasma

147
Q

CD4 <100

A

asperillus
crypto neo
cryptosporidium
JC virus (PML)
HSV

148
Q

CD4 < 50

A

CMV
MAC
T. gondii
Bartonella henselae

149
Q

what 2 bacteria uses CHOCOLATE agar (NAD (factor V), AND HEME (factor x))

A

H. influenza
N. mening

150
Q

what bacteria uses LJ AGAR

A

Mycobacterium TB

151
Q

what bacteria uses MACCONKEY AGAR (gram neg rods)
**pink
**LACTOSE FERMENTING, yellow growth on Hektoen agar

A

E. coli
Enterobacter
Klebs

152
Q

what bacteris uses THAYER MARTIN AGAR (chocolate sheep blood/abx)

A

N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitis

153
Q

what uses SILVER STAIN

A

Legionella
PJP

154
Q

what uses india ink stain

A

crypto neof

155
Q

what use SABOURAUD AGAR (peptones)

A

Crypto Neof,
coccid immitis
candida

156
Q

what uses BUFF CHARCOAL YEAST AGAR W/ L CYSTIENE AND IRON

A

Legionella

157
Q

what uses BLOOD AGAR W/ CYSTEINE AND GLUCOSE

A

F. Tularenis

158
Q

what bacteria causes acute mastitis in breast/nipple discharge/fever after postpartum

A

S. aureus

159
Q

what can lead to monoarticular septic arthritis

A

S. aureus

160
Q

what can lead to polyarticular SEPTIC arthritis in a young person

A

N. gonorrhea

161
Q

-beaver fever
-contaminated water/hiking trip/mountains
-INC fecal fat (steatorrhea)
-Diarrhea
-BINUCLEATE TROPH W MULTIPLE FLAGELLA

A

Giardia Duodenalis (protozoa)

foul smell/fatty oilly stools

162
Q

IV DRUG USERS/prosthetic valves
-right sided endocarditis
-TRICUSPID valve
holosystolic murmur

A

S. aureus

163
Q

subacute left sided endocarditis
following dental procedures/gingivitis
MITRAL valve

**positive Echo showing oscillating intracardiac mass, gingivitis, splinter hemorrhages

A

S. mutans/Viridians group

164
Q

-guillian barr syndrome, bilateral LE weakness that can ascend upwards, bloody diarrhea
-CSF: elevated protein, normal leukocyte

A

campylobacter

165
Q

*PLAQUE ON TONGUE THAT WILL NOT SCRAPE OFF
**LATERAL TONGUE
CD4< 500
**oral hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

-positive PCR testing

166
Q

*plaque on tongue that DOES scrape off
**BASE OF TONGUE, pseudohyphae
CD4<500
**oral thrush

A

Candida

-from inhaled corticosteroids

167
Q

CD4 <500

A

EBV
Candida

168
Q

non enveloped, pos sense, linear SSRNA

A

Picornaviridae
-Cox A
-polio
-echovirus
-rhinovirus
-Hep A

169
Q

**DAYCARE

A

Cox A (hand foot mouth butt)

170
Q

DSDNA virus

A

herpesviridae family
-HSV 1
-HHV 6/7
-VZV

171
Q

enveloped neg sense, linear SSRNA

A

Paramyxoviridae family
-Measles (rubeola)
-

172
Q

how do you tx obligate intracellular bacteria (like chlamydia/rickettsia)

A

tetracyclines/macrolides

173
Q

60 day course of abx (cipro or doxy) + 3 dose vax series

A

B. anthrax

174
Q

gas gangrene
red/purple/black discoloration
necrotizing soft tissue
crepitus

A

C. perfring

175
Q

increased risk of gallbladder cancer, colon cancer, Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Chronic Salmonella typhi

176
Q

functional asplenia in sickle cell disease

A

S. pneumo

177
Q

increased risk of osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease (painful swelling of finger/toes- dactylitis)

A

salmonella

178
Q

tick borne relapsing fever (camping in colorado)
**fever, headache, malaise, no appetite, joint pain, N/V
**spirochetes !!

A

Borellia Hermsii

dx: dark field microscopy
tx: doxy

179
Q

tick borne illness, flu like symptoms
hemolytic anemia
maltese cross/rings

A

Babesia microti

180
Q

how do you treat chlamydia/gonorrhea if unsure which

(inc vag discharge, no odor, dx w/ NAA test)

A

doxy (chlamy) + ceftriax (gon)

**azithro replaces doxy in preg woman

181
Q

gram neg pleomorphic coccobacillus

*drooling, dysphagia, distress, inspiratory stridor= esophagitis
*needs to lean over, super high fever

A

H. influenza type B

182
Q

Hep C
yellow fever
Dengue
St. louis encephalitis
West Nile
Zika

A

Flavaviruses
enveloped non segmented pos sense linear RNA

183
Q

Aedes mosquito/Haemogus
tropical areas
fever, ha, severe hemorrhagic jaundice

A

flavivirus (yellow fever)

184
Q

what is part of matonavirus family

A

Rubella

185
Q

what is part of togavirus family
enveloped non segmented pos sense linear SS pRNA

A

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
chikagunya

186
Q

All e. coli strands ferment sorbitol except for which one?

**stool is negative for WBC
*no fever

A

EHEC (noninflammatory bloody diarrhea)

187
Q

inflammatory bloody diarrhea in E. coli
ferments sorbitol
fever, abd pain
**fecal leukocytes in stool/stool is positive for WBC

A

EIEC

188
Q

what fungus can cause hair loss, tinea corpus, tinea capitum, ringworm

*fusiform football shaped macroconidia

A

Microsporum

189
Q

few 3-4 cell club shaped macroconida, and many club shaped microconida

-can also cause tinea captious
TX: oral griseofulvin or terbinafine

A

Trichophyton

190
Q

spaghetti and meatballs dimorphic fungus
tinea versicolor- hypo/hyper pigmented rashes
tx: ketoconazole or selenium sulfide

A

Malassezia

*dimorphic lipid dependent fungus that is normal skin flora

191
Q

Enveloped non segmented neg sense SS RNA virus

A

filovirus family
-ebola

192
Q

travels to africa, flu like symptoms with maculopapular rash
-RT-PCR to detect viral RNA

A

Ebola virus

193
Q

HIV
human-T-Lymphotrophic

A

Retrovirus family
enveloped non segmented pos sense linear RNA

194
Q

5 features of klebs

(3 manifestations are Multidrug resistance, aspiration pneumonia, nosocomial UTI )

A

“5 A’s”
aspiration pneumonia (air space consolidation involving much of RUL)
-alcoholics
-diAbetics
-abscess (lungs- progression causes large abscess cavity with air fluid level)
-currAnt jelly sputum

195
Q

CD4 <500

A

candida (oral thrush)
EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia
HPV (SCC anus/cervix)
HHV8 (kaposi)

196
Q

what causes pneumocystis pneumonia

“dented helmet cells on Gomori methenamine silver stain”

A

PJP

197
Q

micro vesicular steatosis without inflammation. tiny fat vacuoles surround hepatocytes

A

reye syndrome

198
Q

cigar shaped fungi

A

sporothrix schenckii

199
Q

name 3 infections reactivated in AIDS

A

shingles
TB
HBV

200
Q

examples of fungi include

A

mold
yeast
mushrooms

201
Q

HUS disease manifests as triad of

A

anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

202
Q

all dna viruses are double stranded except for

A

parvovirus b19

203
Q

TACHY
hypotension
AMS
warm extremities

A

septic shock

204
Q

what part of gram neg bacterial wall contributes to sepsis

A

Lipopolysaccharide

205
Q

chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications, hydrocephalus, hepatosplenomegaly in babies

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

206
Q

gram variable pleomorphic rod

A

gardner vaginalis (BV)

207
Q

dimorphic

A

mold in cold 20 c AND IN
yeast in heat 37 c

COMLEX/USMLE 1 (17 decks)

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