PHARM 2 Flashcards by Alexis McKay

MOA of adenosine

Gs protein mechanism, decreases AV and SA node action

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MOA of digoxin

inhibit Na/K/ATPase (improves contractility)
increases parasympathetic tone (vagus)

ade: yellow halos vision, ventricular arrhythmias, gynecomastia, n/v/diarrhea

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what drug moa is selective If channel inhibitor (funny channel of SA node)

Ivabradine

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what does metronidazole cover? “GET GAP on the METRO”

Giardia
Entamoeba
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
Anaerobes (clost, actinomycetes)
H. PYLORI

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what 2 classes of drugs affect GABA A receptor?

Barbituates: INC DURATION of Cl channel opening
Benzos: INC FREQUENCY of Cl channel opening

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what drug affects GABA B receptor?

Baclofen:
*G inhibitory mechanism= reduce aden. cyclase and cyclic amp
*I inhibition of excitatory NT release= glutamate and aspartate

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what 3 anti neoplastic drugs cause peripheral neuropathy

Platin drugs (carboplatin, cisplatin)- these also cause acoustic nerve damage
Vincristine- also causes alopecia
Paclitaxel- also causes alopecia

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what anti neoplastic drug causes pulmonary fibrosis

Bleomycin/busulfan

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what anti neoplastic drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis/ increases risk of bladder cancer

cyclophosphamide (DNA cross linkage)

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paclitaxel, vinBLASTine, 5FU, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, etoposide, irinotecan/topecan all cause what (antineoplastic drugs)

myelosuppression

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MOA of aramotase inhibitors (anastrozole and Letrozole) that treat ER+ breast cancer

inhibit peripheral conversion of androgens –> estrogen

(ade: osteoporosis)

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MOA of Tamoxifen in treating ER+ breast cancer

selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
-estrogen receptor antagonist in breast
-estrogen receptor agonist in bone/endometrium

ade: DVT, pulmonary embolism, endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer

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MOA of trastuzumab in treating HER2+ breast cancer

monoclonal antibody against HER2 (tyrosine kinase receptor)

ADE: dilated cardiomyopathy

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what chemo drug targets CD20 and has ADE of PML in patients with JC virus

Rituximab

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What chemo drug inhibits phospholipase A2 and NF -kB? ADE: cushing syndrome

Prednisone

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phenylephrine is what

alpha 1 agonist (Gq)

prazosin (tx HTN and BPH)
doxazosin
terazosin
Tamsulosin (tx BPH)

(treat urinary retention)
are what?

alpha 1 BLOCKERS

**take at bed time, can cause orthostatic hypotension

Clonidine= ade: rebound hypertensive crisis

Methyldopa
Brimonidine

are what?

Alpha 2 agonists (Gi)

-Mirtazapine (depression)

-phenoxybenzamine (irreversible, tx pheochromocytoma)

-phentolamine (reversible, tx HTN)

are what?

Alpha 2 BLOCKERS

albuterol (short acting)
terbutaline (short acting)
salmeterol (long acting)

Beta 2 agonists **bronchodilation, uterine relax

Moa of ACE inhibitors (lisinopril)

inhibit ace–> dec ang II–> dec aldosterone–> dec sodium

in CD

what is a direct renin inhibitor

aliskiren

what anti seizure med treats focal seizures and has ADE of decreasing leukocytes? (agranulocytosis)

Carbamazapine

MOA: block voltage gated Na channels in a voltage dependent fashion

acute variceal hemorrhaging: hematemesis (blood in vomit)

cirrhosis/Portal HTN: jaundice, scleral icterus, ascites, splenomegaly

how to treat??

Octreotide (long acting somatostatin analog) prior to endoscopy

**can also treat acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma

1. Lithium- ADE: nephrogenic diabetes insidious, HYPOthyroidism, inc thirst, inc peeing 2. Valproic acid (block Na channels to increase GABA) ADE: hepatotoxicity 3. Lamotrigine (ade: rashes/SJS) 4. Carbamazepine (ade: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis-low leukocytes) all treat what?

bipolar

what would treat hyperkalemia in EKG

beta AGONIST, calcium gluconate **b blocker would worsen hyperkalemia

MOA impair synthesis of LDL due to inhibitory effects on HMG COA reductase

statins

MOA: prevents intestinal absorption of cholesterol (decreases LDL)

ezetimibe

MOA: promotes activity of lipoprotein lipase, which hydralyzes fatty acids from VLDL, CLEARING VLDL and decreasing triglyceride levels

FIBRATES (gemfibrozil)

moa: increases calcium permeability TX: schistoma

Hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) in pregnancy... what should you monitor for

severe pre eclampsia in preg pt HYPERMAGNESIUM toxicity MONITOR DEEP TENDON REFLEXES

PSC in UC.. drugs you take are cholestyramine (not absorbed in gut) and ursodeoxycholic acid.. what are the MOA of both and why are they taken 4-6 hours (PSC is P-anca, ^ ALP, ^ direct conjugated billi)

Cholestyramine: bile acid binding resin UDA: bile acid TAKING THEM TOGETHER will decrease UDA absorption, and no change in cholestyramine so you take them 4-6 hours apart

1. Fenoldopam (D1 receptor agonist- ^ cAMP, vasodilation) *especially pt w/ renal dz 2. Hydralazine (^ cGMP, vasodilator of arteries- REBOUND TACHY *do not use in pt w tachy) 3. Labetalol (nonselect a/b blocker- vasodilation) 4. Nicardipine (block VG L type CC of smooth muscle- vasodilation) 5. Nitroprusside (short acting, ^ cGMP via DIRECT RELEASE OF NO) ADE: cyanide toxicity

HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY MEDS (mc used are nitroprusside, fenoldopam) **systolic >180, or diastolic >110, evidence of end organ fail (papilledema)

preventing panic attacks (agoraphobia- scared of public places) *sweating, choking sensation, chills

SSRI (paroxetine)

mood stabilizer used for bipolar, adjunct therapy for depression, can possibly decrease suicide risk

lithium carbonate

Pt with a sub therapeutic INR is potentially caused by

coadministration of CYP450 inducer

Pt with a SUPRAtherapeutic INR is potentially caused by

coadministration of CYP450 INHIBITOR

transposition of great arteries, MC cause of extreme cyanosis in babies, single loud S2 heart sound TX?

PGE1 analog, Alprostadil