LUNGS/XRAYS/RADIOLOGY

Question 1

-Sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain
-collapsed lung with elevation of diaphragm
-shift of trachea to AFFECTED side of collapse

Answer 1

Pneumothorax

Question 2

-strict aerobe
-in apex of lung where the oxygen is greatest

Answer 2

Reactivation of TB

Question 3

-air enters pleural cavity but cannot exit
-mediastinum shift to OPP side
-diaphragm depressed on AFFECTED side

Answer 3

Tension pneumothorax

Question 4

FIXED dilation of bronchioles (irreversible)
-become FLOPPY- leading to collapse during EXPIRATION/ WHEEZING
-chronic/recurrent inflammation/infections

Answer 4

bronchiectasis

Question 5

NON FIXED (reversible) constriction of bronchioles/bronchi
EPISODIC wheezing, dyspnea, cough, aspirin sensitivity
LOWER AIRWAY inflammation/bronchoconstriction

*ASSOC WITH ATOPY (genetic predisposition to produce IgE in response to common environmental allergens, leading to allergic reactions)

Answer 5

Asthma

*episode of wheezing after given aspirin for a fever, taking shallow breaths with prolonged expiration

Question 6

HYPERPLASIA of mucus secreting glands
*one of the main types of COPD

Answer 6

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 7

Proteolytic alveolar wall destruction
-DECREASED total alveolar surface area
-OVERINFLATION of alveoli
*second main type of COPD, most commonly caused by smoking

(rarely in children)

Answer 7

Emphysema

Question 8

two main types of COPD

Answer 8

Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema

Question 9

taking shallow breaths with prolonged expiration

Answer 9

Wheezing

Question 10

small and medium vessels
-eosinophilia, chronic rhino sinusitis, asthma
**mononeuritis multiplex, peripheral multifocal neuropathy (damage to 2 or more different nerve areas)

P-ANCA (anti-myeloperoxidase)

Answer 10

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (churg strauss)

Question 11

small vessel
saddle nose deformity
hemoptysis, renal failure
**requires immediate immunosuppression at time of dx, cyclophosphamide*

C-ANCA (anti-protease 3)

Answer 11

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis)