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Psych > Psych Semester 2 Exam - YELLOW > Flashcards

Psych Semester 2 Exam - YELLOW Flashcards

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1
Q

population

A

the entire group of interest from which an experimenter gets their sample

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2
Q

sampling techniques

A

convienience, random, stratified

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3
Q

convienience sampling

A

selecting participants based on accessibility and ease of access

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4
Q

random sampling

A

everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected as a participant

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5
Q

stratified sampling

A

dividing a population into subgroups based on shared attributes, and then selecting participants equally from every group

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6
Q

ethical concepts

A

beneficence, integrity, justice, non-maleficence, respect

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7
Q

beneficence

A

considering the benefits vs risks of the experiment on participants

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8
Q

integrity

A

honesty and truthfullness throughout all stages of an experiment

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9
Q

justice

A

fairness and equality between all participants

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10
Q

non-maleficence

A

to do no harm to participants, either physically or psychologically

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11
Q

respect

A

upholding the dignity and rights of all participants

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12
Q

types of variables

A

independent, dependent, control, extraneous, confounding

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13
Q

extraneous variables

A

participant variables, experimenter effect, placebo effect, order effects, non standardised instructions

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the brain, divided into cortical lobes, known as the Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe and Parietal lobe.

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15
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

In charge of movement and speech. primary area is primary motor cotex, which controls movement

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16
Q

temporal lobe

A

in charge of hearing and memory. Primary area is Primary Auditory cortex which recieves and processes sounds. Left auditory cortex processes verbal sounds (words) and right processes non-verbal sounds (music)

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17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

In charge of vision, primary area is the primary visual cortex, which specialises in the processing of visual information, which is sent to the cortex via the eye receptors and thalamus.

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18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory and spatial reasoning. Primary area is the primary somatosensory cortex, which recieves and controls sensory information from the skin

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19
Q

primary corticies

A

gustatory, visual, somatosensory, motor, auditory

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20
Q

Split brain surgery

A

Involves cutting the band of nerve tissure connecting the hemispheres of the brain (corpus callosum) to reduce the effect of epileptic seizures.

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21
Q

parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, axon terminal/buttons, myelin sheath

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22
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

when one of the 3 components of the model dont align with the other 2 (typically behavioural) and we experience an unpleasant feeling.

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23
Q

how to reduce cognitive dissonance

A

either changing the behaviour or changing the thought

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24
Q

stereotype

A

a collection of beliefs about people who belong to a certain group, regardless of their individual differences - COGNITIVE

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25
Q

predjudice

A

holding a negative attitude toward a member of a group because they belong to that group - AFFECTIVE

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26
Q

discrimination

A

unjust treatment of people because what group they belong in - BEHAVIOURAL

27
Q

methods to reduce prejudice

A

sustained contact, mutual interdependence, equality of status, superordinate goals

28
Q

sustained contact

A

prolonged and cooperative interaction

29
Q

mutual interdependence

A

when 2 groups must depend of each other to reach a goal

30
Q

equality of status

A

being on the same level as each other

31
Q

superordinate goals

A

goals shared between groups that cannot be achieved alone

32
Q

stima

A

the negative attitudes towards a certain group of people because they belong in that group

33
Q

status

A

the level of importance that group members percieve regarding another group member’s position

34
Q

power

A

an individual/group’s ability to strongly influence or control the throughts, feelings and behaviour of another person

35
Q

types of power

A

reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, informational

36
Q

reward power

A

the ability to reward someone for doing the right behaviour

37
Q

coercive power

A

the ability to punish someone for doing the wrong behaviour

38
Q

legitimate power

A

appointed or elected leadership role or formal power

39
Q

referent power

A

role model, want to be like them

40
Q

expert power

A

knowledge or expertise in a specific field

41
Q

informational power

A

information others want that isn’t available elsewhere

42
Q

sensation compared to perception

A

sensation is the initial intake of raw information, and perception is actually understanding the information

43
Q

reception

A

initial detection of stimulus in the environment. Eye focuses light onto retina.

44
Q

transduction

A

energy is recieved by retina and converts into a form that can be sent to the brain via optic nerve

45
Q

transmission

A

sending information in electrical impulses along the optic nerve

46
Q

selection

A

specialised cells select and filter out visual signals according to certain perceptually important features

47
Q

organisation

A

brain uses principles (gestalt and depth) to group fragmented signals together

48
Q

interpretation

A

process of giving meaning to visual information so that we can understand what we are looking at

49
Q

process of visual perceptual process

A

reception, transduction, transmission, selection, organisation, interpretation

50
Q

process of gustatory perceptual process

A

reception, transduction, transmission, interpretation

51
Q

supertasters

A

25% of the population are supertasters, meaning they are is 2-3 times more sensitive to taste

52
Q

spatial neglect

A

a neurological condition where a person tends to ignore everything on one side of their vision, usually the left side.

53
Q

gestalt principles

A

figure ground, closure, similarity, proximity

54
Q

figure ground

A

dividing a visual scene into a figure, which stands out and its background

55
Q

closure

A

perceptual tendency to mentally close up gaps in a visual image to percieve objects as complete

56
Q

similarity

A

percieving parts of a visual image that have similar features as part of the same group

57
Q

proximity

A

perceiving parts of a visual image that are close together as part of the same group

58
Q

depth cues

A

Linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size, height in the visual field

59
Q

linear perspective

A

two parallel lines that converge together as they move further away

60
Q

interposition

A

when two images overlap each other, one object is partially blocked by something making it appear further away

61
Q

texture gradient

A

level of detail in an environment, when an object is less detailed, it is percieved as being further away

62
Q

height in the visual field

A

uses the horizon to determine how far away an object is. the closer to the horizon, the further away the object is

63
Q

relative size

A

size of the image that is recieved by the retina. the larger the image, the closer it is

Psych (8 decks)

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