Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > Unit 1 AOS 2 SAC > Flashcards

Unit 1 AOS 2 SAC Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Hindbrain

A

controls basic survival functions that we do unconsiously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hindbrain main structures

A

Medulla, Cerebellum, Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Midbrain

A

keep us alert, awake and vigilant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Midbrain structure

A

Reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Forebrain

A

responsible for complex functions like emotions, motivations, sensations, perceptions, learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

forebrain structures

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

medulla

A

regulates all organs vital for life functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movement and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pons

A

responsible for sleep and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reticular formation

A

helps in focusing selective attention, alertness and physiological arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thalamus

A

relays all sensory information except smell to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothlamus

A

Regulates body temperature, sleep wake cycle, sex drive, hunger, thirst and hormone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cerebrum

A

higher cognitive functioning, voluntary movements, emotions and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the brain, divided into cortical lobes, known as the Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe and Parietal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

In charge of movement and speech. primary area is primary motor cotex, which controls movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

frontal lobe association areas

A

Association areas recieve and combine information from other areas of the brain. Also in charge of planning and carrying out movement, personality, language, judgement, emotions and attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

broca’s area

A

in LEFT frontal lobe only, in charge of production of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

temporal lobe

A

in charge of hearing and memory. Primary area is Primary Auditory cortex which recieves and processes sounds. Left auditory cortex processes verbal sounds (words) and right processes non-verbal sounds (music)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

temporal lobe association areas

A

important role in memory, remembering facts, procedures, events, object and facial recognition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

in LEFT temporal lobe only, in charge of understanding speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occipital lobe

A

In charge of vision, primary area is the primary visual cortex, which specialises in the processing of visual information, which is sent to the cortex via the eye receptors and thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Occiptal lobe association areas

A

Transforms visual information into complete pictures, integrates visual information from other areas in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory and spatial reasoning. Primary area is the primary somatosensory cortex, which recieves and controls sensory information from the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parietal lobe association areas

A

Sense of touch, motion detection, Location of objects in space, attention and spatial reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

the brain’s ability to grow and change throughout the lifespan. When an individual’s neurons and their connections, as a result of learning, experience and brain trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

developmental plasticity

A

changes in your brain as a result of learning new things, gaining experience and developing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

adaptive plasticity

A

changes in your brain that occur after brain damage, to re-establish connections and enable the brain to continue working like it used to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Long term potation

A

the long lasting strengthening of neural connections in the brain due to repeated stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Brain damage

A

can occur through disease or trauma as well as the use of drugs and alcohol

30
Q

Rerouting

A

healthy neurons seek an alternative route when existing connections are lost

31
Q

Sprouting

A

existing neurons form new axon terminals and dendrites to allow new connections to be made

32
Q

Maximising and maintaining our brain

A

Mental stimulation - any activity that activates or enriches the mind
good diet and exercise

33
Q

Dendrites

A

branch like extensions on a neuron, passes info and is connected to the cell body

34
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus, brain of the neuron, passes information to the axon

35
Q

axon

A

nerve fibre of neuron, goes through the whole thing. transmits information to other neurons

36
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Layer of insulation around the axon which protects and speeds up electrical charge

37
Q

Axon terminal/Axon buttons

A

end of the neuron, connects to other dendrites to pass information

38
Q

Aquired brain injury (ABI)

A

the result of damage to the brain that happens after birth at any time during life

39
Q

Causes of ABI

A

physical injury, disease or infection, oxygen deprivation to the whole body or brain, poisoning or drugs or alcohol and brain tumours

40
Q

effect of ABI on biological factors

A

change in organ function, seizures, loss or increased sensitivity of smell or some smells

41
Q

effect of ABI on pscychological factors

A

changes in cognition, behaviour, personality, emotion and memory loss, impusivity and irritability

42
Q

effect of ABI on social factors

A

relationships, interations in the environment and interpersonal skills

43
Q

Examples of ABI

A

Stroke, Spatial neglect and Aphasia

44
Q

what is CTE

A

a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated impacts to the head. It is progressive and fatal. The brain movement inside the skull causes a buildup of Tau protein.

45
Q

Causes of CTE

A

Contact sports (boxing, AFL, NFL), military exposure to blast impacts, head banging and domestic violence. Other possible risk factors include timing, genetics, severity, location and lifestyle

46
Q

Symptoms of CTE

A

impairments in decision making, attention and concentration, memory loss, depression, anxiety and paranoia and aggression and emotional outbursts.

47
Q

Difficulties in diagnosing CTE

A

Very similar to Alzheimer’s Disease and other neurological disorders
Can only be diagnosed in autopsy

48
Q

Phrenology

A

Assessing a person’s personality and intelligence through feeling the bumps on their skull

49
Q

Pseudosciences

A

a false science that is mistakenly regarded as being based on a scientific method, e.g. Astrology (Star Signs), Phrenology and Palmistry

50
Q

Psychology

A

The study of the brain and its functions. Derived from philosophy, which involves making predictions on human behaviour but is not based on evidence, and natural science, which is based on evidence

51
Q

Split brain surgery

A

Involves cutting the band of nerve tissure connecting the hemispheres of the brain (corpus callosum) to reduce the effect of epileptic seizures.

52
Q

What happened to Phineas Gage?

A

While working on a rail line, Gage was using gunpowder to blow up a large rock, packing it in with a large metal rod. Then, accidentally the gunpowder sparked and blew the metal rod into Gage’s cheek and all the way through the top of his skull, through his frontal lobe.

53
Q

What did we learn from Phineas Gage’s accident?

A

It taught psychologists that the frontal lobe was mostly in charge of emotions, personality, motor movements and cognitive funtions like memory and problem solving, as this is what Gage had problems with after his accident

54
Q

Case study

A

an investigation of a particular activity, behaviour or event that contains a real or hypothetical situation and real world complexities

55
Q

Hemispheric specialisation

A

some functions are only located in one side of the brain.

56
Q

corpus callosum

A

a thick bundle of nerves connecting the 2 hemispheres that allows them to communicate

57
Q

Right side hemispheric specialisation

A

creativity, appreaciation for art and music, spatial reasoning and facial recognition

58
Q

left side hemispheric specialisation

A

logical reasoning. verbal tasks including comprehension, reading and writing, and also analytical thinking.

59
Q

Central nervous system

A

Made up of brain and spinal cord. has 2 main functions - carry motor information from the brain and receive sensory information which travels to the brain

60
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

network of neurons outside the CNS. connects CNS to organs. divided into somatic and autonomic systems

61
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

mainly involved with external, carry out voluntary movement and convey sensory information

62
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

mainly involved with internal. self regulating, and divided into sympathetic (body reacting to potentially dangerous situations) and parasympathetic (helps maintain stability)

63
Q

types of neurons

A

sensory, motor and interneurons

64
Q

neurodiversity

A

the idea that every human has a unique nervous system with a different combination of abilities and
needs

65
Q

experience dependant plasticity

A

changes that occur due to individual experience

66
Q

experience expectant plasticity

A

changes that occur due to specific environmental cues that the brain expects to be exposed

67
Q

experience independant plasticity

A

changes in the brain that occur regardless of experience, genetically predetermined

68
Q

long term depression

A

the long lasting weakening of neural connections in the brain due to not exercising the information

69
Q

synaptic pruning

A

when the brain removes neurons and synapses it doesn’t need

70
Q

synaptogenesis

A

the formation of new synapses

Psych (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions