Psych Overview: U2 Ch3

Question 1

he convincingly demonstrated the general importance of the brain for all of the higher human functions, while also originating the popular nineteenth-century movement know as phrenology

Answer 1

Gall

Question 2

Examining the similarities and differences among brains of many animal species, children, the elderly, and the brain-damaged people, as well as normal human adults.

Answer 2

Comparative anatomist

Question 3

Literal meaning of Phrenology

Answer 3

“mind” from the Greek root.

Question 4

the reading of a person’s character in his or her physical features.

Answer 4

Physiognomy

Question 5

the measurement of the physical dimensions of the skull

Answer 5

Craniometry

Question 6

A particular independent variable would be deliberately and systematically manipulated, and the resulting effects on dependent variables carefully observed.

Answer 6

Experiment

Question 7

He surgically removed specific small parts of an animal subject’s brain.

Answer 7

Flourens’ IV

Question 8

Observation of any consequent changes in the behavior or function of the animal after recovery from the surgery.

Answer 8

Flourens’ DV

Question 9

Surgically removing specific small parts of an animal subject’s brain and observing any consequent changes in the behavior.

Answer 9

Ablation

Question 10

A group of speech disorders resulting from damage to specific areas of the brain.

Answer 10

Aphasia

Question 11

The area of the frontal lobe where ablation causes impairments in expressive speech.

Answer 11

Broca’s Area

Question 12

_______ and ________ discovered that electrified portions of the motor strip elicited specific movements on the opposite side of the body.

Answer 12

Fritsch and Hitzig’s

Question 13

A functional distinct area of the brain’s anterior occipital lobe responsible for processing visual stimuli.

Answer 13

Visual Area

Question 14

A functionally distinct area of the temporal lobe responsible for the processing of auditory stimuli.

Answer 14

Auditory area

Question 15

A functionally distinct area of the brain, bordering the motor strip, responsible for mediating sensory functions from various parts of the body.

Answer 15

[Somato] Sensory strip

Question 16

He used a new conception of the brain as the basis of an influential theory of aphasia.

Answer 16

Wernicke’s contribution

Question 17

patients can speak perfectly fluently with correct syntax, but their understanding of spoken language is severly impaired and their speech is marked by numerous peculiar words and mispronunciations.

Answer 17

Sensory Aphasia

Question 18

Speech disorder that occurs when there is damage to the left frontal lobe, resulting in the inability to vocalize comprehensible speech.

Answer 18

Motor Aphasia

Question 19

Where is Wernicke’s area located

Answer 19

Temporal lobe

Question 20

the apparent capacity of any intact part of a functional brain to carry out . . . the [memory] functions which are lost by the destruction of [other parts].

Answer 20

Lashley’s Equipotentiality

Question 21

the efficiency of performance of an entire complex function may be reduced in proportion to the extent of brain injury.

Answer 21

Ashley’s Law of Mass Action

Question 22

the convergence of cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists using new technologies to reveal what actually go on in the different arts of the brain as various cognitive activities are performed.

Answer 22

Cognitive Neuroscience