Psych Overview: U2 Ch 4 Flashcards
What was Kant concerned with?
the essential nature of human knowledge.
consists of “things-in-themselves––objects in a pure state independent of human experience.
Noumenal world
human beings never directly experience the pure reality of things-in-themselves, but rather a series of appearances or phenomena that are partly the creations of an active mind encounter the noumenal world.
Phenomenal (appearance) world
Two categories of innate ideas
Space and Time
??????
Mental phenomena:
(1) have no spatial dimension,
(2) are too transient for sustained observation,
(3) cannot be experimentally manipulated
(4) cannot be mathematically described or analyzed. 3???
What is the nature of psychology?
a philosophical rather than a scientific discipline.
One’s conscious impression of a visual stimulus differs demonstrably in some respect from its “objective” properties.
Optical Illusions
Each sensory nerve in the body conveys one and only one kind of sensation.
Law of Specific Nerve Energies
all living organisms are imbued with an ineffable “life force” that gives them their vitality and that is not analyzable by scientific methods.
Vitalism
all physiological processes to be potentially understandable in terms of ordinary physical and chemical principles.
Mechanism
The measurable times between the introduction of stimuli and the completion of various kinds of responses to them.
Reaction Time
Helmholtz’s Three divisions
physical, physiological and psychological
the raw elements of conscious experience, requiring no learning or prior experience.
Sensation
meaningful interpretations given to sensations.
Perceptions
4 Defects of the eye
a. maximum sharpness is very small
b. Colors are imperfectly reproduced.
c. Astigmatism distorts images.
d. The blind spot.
Stated that: a. The retina contains three different kinds of receptor cells, each one responding most strongly to light waves of one of the three primary colors and with diminishing strength to light waves increasingly different from it.
The Young-Helmholtz theory
The search for lawful relationships between measurable psychological and physiological variables.
Psycophysics
German term translatable into English as “form” or “shape.”
Gestalt
the perception of continuous motion that occurs when observing a succession of slightly varying still images.
Apparent Movement
What Wertheimer named apparent movement
Phi Phenomenon
a tendency to see stationary objects as moving in the direction opposite to that of a moving object that has been observed immediately before.
Negative images
