Psych/Neuro Flashcards
investigations when possible diagnosis of Autism
- school observation
- ADI-R
- ADOS-2
- DISCO
what 3 functional domains does the ADI-R focus on
- language and communication
- reciprocal social interactions
- restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and interests
DISCO stands for
diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders
MRI scan findings in those with autism
brain enlargement - especially in occipital, parietal and temporal lobes;
could be due to neuronal death, increased neurogenesis or even increased production of glial cells or vasculature
what does Sally-Anne test assess
theory of mind
licensed pharmacological treatment for aggressive behaviour in children
Risperidone
psychotherapy for both parents and autistic patient
- CBT
- behavioural management programmes
- TEACCH
- Educational psychology
medications used as adjuncts for ASD to psychological interventions
SSRI
Risperidone antipsychotic
Melatonin - help to reduce sleep latency
how is pain illicit in a child for GCS assessment
pressing hand on supra-orbital notch; beneath the end of the eyebrow with thumb
differentials for a 2 year old with seizures
- febrile convulsion
- epilepsy
- encephalitis/meningitis
- sepsis
- brain tumour
- metabolic disorders
immediate management of seizure
ABC assessment
High flow oxygen
blood glucose measurement
management of status epilepticus
- High flow oxygen, ABC, Bm
- Midazolam
- Lorazepam
- Phenytoin (over 20 mins)
- RSI with thiopentone (if seizure has lasted longer than 30 mins)
when to do RSI with theopentone for status epilepticus
seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes
how long does a simple febrile seizure last
< 15 mins
differences between simple and complex febrile seizures
simple
- last less than 15 mins
- resolve within 24 hours
- no neurological deficits
- fever present
following what seizure may a Tods palsy occur
and
what is a Tods palsy
following a complex febrile seizure
Tods palsy = focal weakness in part or all of body following a seizure and usually subsides after 48 hours
3 indications for an urgent CT head/MRI
- encephalitis/coma
- suspected raised ICP
- progressive neurological deficit
indications for elective MRI
- child < 2 years
- focal neurological deficits
- focal epilepsy
- assoc. learning difficulties
- epilepsy resistant to full doses of appropriate drugs
when to do an elective EEG
- development of language regression
- strong suspicion of epilepsy
definition of epilepsy
recurrent transient paroxysmal attacks of disturbed consciousness and sensorimotor function resulting from abnormal electrophysiological discharges of cerebral neurones
5 types of generalised seizures
- tonic clonic
- absene/petit mal
- myoclonic
- tonic
- atonic/akinetic
feature of a partial seizure
aura = describes the effects of initial focal electrical events e.g. unusual smell, tingling in a limb, strange inner feeling
types of partial seizures
- simple partial
- complex partial
what does early hand preference before 12 months indicate a higher risk of
higher risk of hemiplegia on non dominant side
causes of delayed walking
- duchennes
- spina bifida
- developmental dysplasia of hip
- rickets
- cerebral palsy
name for the life long condition that affects movement and coordination caused by a problem with the brain that occurs before, during or soon after a birth
cerebral palsy
