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Paediatrics RIA > neuro 2 > Flashcards

neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

affect of ammonia on respiration

A

ammonia is a respiratory stimulant therefore causes respiratory alkalosis

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2
Q

disorder of tone, posture, movement, caused by a non progressive brain lesion in a developing brain

A

Cerebral palsy

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3
Q

3 types of cerebral palsy

A

1) Spastic
2) Dyskinetic
3) Ataxic

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4
Q

name condition: Progressive muscular weakness due to absence of dystrophin

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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5
Q

inheritance of DMD

A

X-linked recessive

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6
Q

name 5 complications of DMD

A
  • Scoliosis
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Resp failure
  • Osteoporosis
  • Learning disability
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7
Q

role of dystrophin protein?

A

this protein provides structural links between muscle fibres therefore lack of protein leads to progressive deterioration of muscle structure

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8
Q

diagnostic criteria for T1DM

A

Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 7

or

2 hour plasma glucose greater than or equal to 11.1

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9
Q

blood glucose target for driving

A

greater than or equal to 5

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10
Q

1st line treatment for generalised tonic clonic seizures

A

Sodium valporate

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11
Q

2nd line treatment for generalised tonic clonic seizures

A

lamotrigine or carbamazepine

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12
Q

4 ways a focal seizure can present?

A
  • Hallucinations
  • memory flashbacks
  • deja vu
  • doing something strange on autopilot
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13
Q

1st line treatment for focal seizures?

A

carbamazepine or lamotrigine

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14
Q

2nd line treatment for focal seizures

A

sodium valproate or levetiracetam

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15
Q

describe the course of an absence seizure

A

the patient becomes blank, stares into space and then abruptly returns to normal. unresponsive during episode, typically lasts 10-20 seconds

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16
Q

1st line treatment for absence seizures

A

Sodium valporate or ethosuximide

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17
Q

what type of seizures can occur in children as part of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

myoclonic seizures

18
Q

what are infantile spasms also known as?

A

West syndorme

19
Q

condition characterised by clusters of full body spasms

A

west syndrome

20
Q

age for febrile convulsions

A

6 months & 5 years

21
Q

when should an MRI be considered in the invx of seizures?

A
  • Seizures not responding to medications
  • Focal seizures
  • First seizure is under 2 years old
22
Q

3 side effects of Na Valporate

A
  • hepatitis
  • hair loss
  • tremor
23
Q

3 side effects of carbmazepine

A
  • agranulocytosis
  • aplastic anaemia
  • induces P450 system
24
Q

3 side effects of phenytoin

A
  • folate & vit d deficiency
  • megaloblastic anaemia
  • osteomalacia
25
Q

2 side effects of ethosuximide

A
  • night tremors

- rashes

26
Q

how is status epilepticus defined

A

seizure lasting more than 5 minutes

or

more than 3 seizures in one hour

27
Q

proportion of those with febrile seizures that will have another one?

A

1/3

28
Q

medication for excessive drooling, often in cerebral palsy

A

Glycopyrronium bromide

29
Q

what is squint also known as

A

stabismus

30
Q

what is amblyopia?

A

when the lazy eye becomes more disconnected from the brain and over time the probelm becomes worse

31
Q

define strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes

32
Q

Esotropia is …

A

inward moving squint

33
Q

Exotropia is …

A

outwards moving squint

34
Q

Hypertropia is …

A

upward moving affected eye

35
Q

Hypotropia is …

A

downward moving affected eye

36
Q

4 causes of squint

A
  • SoL
  • Trauma
  • cerebral palsy
  • Hydrocephalus
37
Q

management of squint

A

Occlusive eye patch

& referral to ophthalmologist for management plan

38
Q

condition where the cerebellum herniates downwards through the foramen magnum, blocking the outflow of CSF

A

Arnold-Chiari malformation

39
Q

signs of hydrocephalus

A
  • bulging anterior fontanelle
  • poor feeding & vomiting
  • poor tone
  • sleepiness
40
Q

examination sign seen in muscular dystrophy

A

Gower’s sign

caused by proximal muscle weakness/weak muscles around pelvis

Paediatrics RIA (12 decks)

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