cardiac Flashcards
name 3 systolic murmurs
- fallots tetralogy
- ventricular septal defect
- pulmonary aortic stenosis
name 3 diastolic murmurs
- pulmonary/aortic regurgitation
- mitral stenosis
- truncus arteriosus
signs of heart failure in infants
- hepatosplenomegaly
- acidosis
- sweating
- poor feeding
- poor pulses
- SoB
medical management of Heart failure
- furosemide diuretic
- ACEi
- oxygen
- prostaglandin: prostin
- Inotropes: dobutamine
- catheter intervention; balloon angioplasty
where is foramen ovale and what does it allow?
located between the right & left atrium
allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs by going straight from RA to LA then this blood goes to LV then to rest of body
what does Ductus arteriosus connect?
pulmonary trunk & pulmonary arteries & into aorta
5 typical features of flow/innocent murmurs?
- Soft
- Short
- Systolic
- Symptomless
- Situational dependant (changes with positions)
type of murmur HOCM produces
ejection systolic murmur
murmur caused by ASD
mid-systolic, crescendo-decrescendo murmur loudest at the upper left sternal boarder, with a fixed split second heart sound
murmur caused by a larger PDA - patent ductur arteriosus
continuous crescendo-decrescendo “machinery” murmur that may continue during the second heart sound
Tetralogy of fallot murmur
ejection systolic murmur loudest at the pulmonary area (second intercostal space, left sternal boarder)
(pulmonary stenosis)
4 types of Cyanotic Heart disease
anything that causes a right to left shunt as this causes deoxygenated blood to enter left side of heart therefore be pumped around the body
- ASD
- VSD
- Transposition of great arteries
- Patent Ductus arteriosus
what is Eisenmenger syndrome
usually the high pressure in the left side of heart is much greater than the right side of the heart blood will flow from high to low pressure, therefore preventing a right to left shunt occuring
but If the pulmonary pressure increases beyond the systemic pressure blood will start to flow from right-to-left across the defect, causing cyanosis
(Eisenmengers)
cardiac congenital defect associated with Down’s & Turner syndrome
VSD
name 3 causes of pan systolic murmur
- Mitral regurgitation
- VSD
- Tricuspid regurg
4 examination findings with Pulmonary HTN
- Loud P2
- RV heave
- Raised JVP
- peripheral oedema
medication to treat Pulmonary HTN
Sildenafil
heart defect in turners syndrome
aortic coarctation
3 options for treating a congenital Aortic valve stenosis
- Percutaneous balloon aortic valvoplasty
- Surgical aortic valvotomy
- Valve replacement
4 associations with Pulmonary valve stenosis
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- William syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Congenital rubella syndrome
4 existing pathologies of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Overriding aorta
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow…
from the aorta back to the pulmonary arteries
2 heart defects associated with turners syndrome
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Coarctation of aorta
