cardiac

Question 1

name 3 systolic murmurs

Answer 1

• fallots tetralogy
• ventricular septal defect
• pulmonary aortic stenosis

Question 2

name 3 diastolic murmurs

Answer 2

• pulmonary/aortic regurgitation
• mitral stenosis
• truncus arteriosus

Question 3

signs of heart failure in infants

Answer 3

• hepatosplenomegaly
• acidosis
• sweating
• poor feeding
• poor pulses
• SoB

Question 4

medical management of Heart failure

Answer 4

• furosemide diuretic
• ACEi
• oxygen
• prostaglandin: prostin
• Inotropes: dobutamine
• catheter intervention; balloon angioplasty

Question 5

where is foramen ovale and what does it allow?

Answer 5

located between the right & left atrium

allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs by going straight from RA to LA then this blood goes to LV then to rest of body

Question 6

what does Ductus arteriosus connect?

Answer 6

pulmonary trunk & pulmonary arteries & into aorta

Question 7

5 typical features of flow/innocent murmurs?

Answer 7

• Soft
• Short
• Systolic
• Symptomless
• Situational dependant (changes with positions)

Question 8

type of murmur HOCM produces

Answer 8

ejection systolic murmur

Question 9

murmur caused by ASD

Answer 9

mid-systolic, crescendo-decrescendo murmur loudest at the upper left sternal boarder, with a fixed split second heart sound

Question 10

murmur caused by a larger PDA - patent ductur arteriosus

Answer 10

continuous crescendo-decrescendo “machinery” murmur that may continue during the second heart sound

Question 11

Tetralogy of fallot murmur

Answer 11

ejection systolic murmur loudest at the pulmonary area (second intercostal space, left sternal boarder)

(pulmonary stenosis)

Question 12

4 types of Cyanotic Heart disease

Answer 12

anything that causes a right to left shunt as this causes deoxygenated blood to enter left side of heart therefore be pumped around the body

• ASD
• VSD
• Transposition of great arteries
• Patent Ductus arteriosus

Question 13

what is Eisenmenger syndrome

Answer 13

usually the high pressure in the left side of heart is much greater than the right side of the heart blood will flow from high to low pressure, therefore preventing a right to left shunt occuring

but If the pulmonary pressure increases beyond the systemic pressure blood will start to flow from right-to-left across the defect, causing cyanosis
(Eisenmengers)

Question 14

cardiac congenital defect associated with Down’s & Turner syndrome

Answer 14

VSD

Question 15

name 3 causes of pan systolic murmur

Answer 15

• Mitral regurgitation
• VSD
• Tricuspid regurg

Question 16

4 examination findings with Pulmonary HTN

Answer 16

• Loud P2
• RV heave
• Raised JVP
• peripheral oedema

Question 17

medication to treat Pulmonary HTN

Answer 17

Sildenafil

Question 18

heart defect in turners syndrome

Answer 18

aortic coarctation

Question 19

3 options for treating a congenital Aortic valve stenosis

Answer 19

• Percutaneous balloon aortic valvoplasty
• Surgical aortic valvotomy
• Valve replacement

Question 20

4 associations with Pulmonary valve stenosis

Answer 20

• Tetralogy of Fallot
• William syndrome
• Noonan syndrome
• Congenital rubella syndrome

Question 21

4 existing pathologies of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Answer 21

• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• Overriding aorta
• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 22

Ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow…

Answer 22

from the aorta back to the pulmonary arteries

Question 23

2 heart defects associated with turners syndrome

Answer 23

• Aortic valve stenosis

- Coarctation of aorta