Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics RIA > Fever/rash > Flashcards

Fever/rash Flashcards

1
Q

causes of maculopapular rash

A
  • measles
  • rubella
  • glandular fever
  • kawasaki disease
  • scarlet fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 features of scarlet fever

A
  • strawberry tongue
  • fever
  • sore throat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

features of kawasaki disease

A
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Rash (non vesicular, non bullae)
  • Adenopathy: cervical + unilateral
  • Stawberry tongue (redness of oral mucosa/lips/dry peeling lips)
  • Hands/feet red
  • Burn = fever 5 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe features of strawberry tongue

A

Redness of oral mucosa/lips/dry peeling lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the rash in kawasaki disease

A

non vesicular, non bullae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 conditions with strawberry tongue

A
  • kawasaki disease

- scarlet fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 conditions that present with a vesicular rash

A
  • chickenpox

- eczema herpeticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the course of the rash in chicken pox

A

Papulovesicles on erythematous base –> vesicles become encrusted, mucous membranes are involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are haemorrhagic rashes classified as (3)

A
  • petechiae
  • purpura
  • ecchymoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of haemorrhagic rashes

A
  • immune thrombocytopenic purpura
  • meningococcal septicaemia
  • acute leukaemia
  • henoch scholein purpura
  • bleeding disorders
  • non accidental injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

typical location of rash in HSP

A

thighs and buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type of rash in meningococcal septicaemia

A

non blanching petechiael/purpuric rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

features of fever in kawasaki disease

A

high fever lasting > 5 days
and
unresponsive to antibiotics and antipyretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 out of the following 5 features for diagnoses of kawasaki disease

A
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • conjunctivitis: bilateral + non purulent
  • rash (mucosal, polymorphous)
  • strawberry tongue with red cracked lips
  • peripheral skin changes (hands and feet red)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what may happen in 2-3 weeks following kawasaki disease

A

peeling of hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HSP type of vasculitis

A

IgA mediated small vessel vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

features of HSP

A
  • abdo pain
  • polyarthritis
  • rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type of rash in HSP

A

raised red/purple spots/ palpable purpuric rash

buttocks, extensor surfaces of arms/legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

treatment for HSP

A
  • analgesia

- supportive trx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pathophysiology of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

staph aureus –> infects skin –> releases toxin –> toxin damages outside layer of skin causing it to be shed/detached + peel and crust

small blisters appear at the site of the infection which easily burst and form blistering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment of staph scalded skin syndrome

A
  • IV abx followed by oral for 5-8 days
  • skin cleansing with soap substitute
  • burns dressing
  • pain killers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is toxic shock syndrome

A

severe reaction to staphylococcal exotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are Koplik spots

A

tiny white spots seen early in measles; before the rash starts, and seen on the inside of the cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

rash in measles

A

dark reddish/brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

features of measles

A
  • koplik spots
  • prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
  • rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

contraindications to live vaccine

A
  • pregnancy

- immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is sepsis

A

a clinical syndrome caused by an overwhelming and dysregulated immune response to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

renal abnormalities that predispose to infection

A
  • renal pelvis dilatation
  • cysts
  • oligohydramnios
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

causes of proteinuria

A
  • tubular disease

- glomerular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

nephrotic range for PCR

A

> 200 mg/mmol

31
Q

benefits of ACR

A

useful to differentiate between glomerular and tubular cause as albumin can be lost from glomerulus but not tubules
> 30 mg/mmol

32
Q

triad of nephrotic syndrome

A
  • massive proteinuria
  • hypoalbuminaemia
  • oedema
33
Q

75% cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

minimal change nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

pathophysiology of minimal change nephrotic syndrome

A
  • inflammatory cell mediated damage to glomerular basement membrane resulting in increase in glomerular permeability
35
Q

renal biopsy in minimal change disease

A

podocyte fusion

36
Q

treatment of minimal change disease

A

1st line = steroids

2nd line = cyclophosphamide

37
Q

complication of nephrotic syndrome and what can be given as prophylaxis to prevent this?

A

Spontaneous peritonitis

penicillin prophylaxis

38
Q

3 congenital kidney malformations and their grading of severity

A

1) renal hypoplasia - fewer nephrons and glomeruli develop
2) renal dysplasia - undifferentiated tissue with little function
3) renal agenesis - kidney never forms

39
Q

when do kidneys begin to form

A

5 weeks

40
Q

most common renal anomaly

A

renal hypoplasia

41
Q

upper uti symptoms

A

bacteriuria
fever
loin tenderness
under 3 months

42
Q

lower uti symptoms

A

bacteruria
no systemic features
age greater than 3 months

43
Q

investigations to consider in children with UTI

A
  • renal USS: look at size, shape and location of kidneys; can identify hydronephrosis
  • micturating cystogram: to identify VUR, bladder abnormalities, posterior urethral valves within a few weeks after treatment
44
Q

what does renal agenesis cause in utero

A

oligohydramnios

45
Q

what does oligohydramnios result in

A
  • poor lung development

- potter sequence

46
Q

what is potter sequence

A

oligohydramnios –> foetus compressed in the amniotic sac –> developmental abnormalities

  • flattened face
  • widely separated eyes
  • low set ears
  • clubbed feet
47
Q

when do majority of children achieve day and night time continence

A

3-4 years of age

48
Q

what is aneuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine by day or night or both in a child greater than 5 years… in the absence of congenital or acquired defects of the nervous system or urinary tract

49
Q

what is primary and secondary eneuresis

A

primary: child has never achieved eneuresis
secondary: child has been dry for at least 6 months before

50
Q

causes of nocturnal eneuresis

A
  • defective sleep arousal
  • nocturnal polyuria
  • lack of inhibition of bladder emptying during sleep and reduced bladder capacity
51
Q

treatment of nocturnal enuresis if above and below 7 years

A

< 7 years –> eneuresis alarm

> 7 years –> desmopreasin

52
Q

underlying causes of bedwetting

A

diabetes
constipation
uTI

53
Q

what is VUR

A

abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidney

54
Q

what is primary and secondary VUR

A

primary = dysfunction of valve at ureterovesical junction resulting in backflow of urine when the pressure in the bladder builds up

secondary = obstruction; caused by; recurrent uti, posterior urethral valve disorder, flaccid neurogenic bladder

55
Q

AKI is

A

acute reversible rise in serum and creatinine and nitrogenous waste products coupled with inability of kidneys to appropriately regulate fluid and electrolytes

56
Q

what is polycystic kidney disease

A

genetic condition where the kidneys become filled with cysts and enlarge

57
Q

what can polycystic kidneys result in before birth

A

potter sequence

58
Q

signs and symptoms of polycystic kidneys

A
  • flank pain
  • haematuria
  • recurrent UTI
59
Q

treatment for polycystic kidneys

A
  • HTN with ACEi/ARB

- tolvaptan

60
Q

cause of lyme disease

A

tick bite carrying borrelia burgdorfeli

61
Q

symptoms in early disease of lyme disease

A
  • erythema, non painful bite, arthralgia, malaise, fever
62
Q

fever & sore throat. Tonsillitis, furred tongue, enlarged papillae, blanched punctate rash sparing face

A

Scarlet fever

63
Q

describe rash in scarlet fever

A

Blanching punctate rash, sparing face

64
Q

describe progression of rash in chicken pox

A

macular –> papular –> vesicular

65
Q

prodrome in measles

A

irritable, conjunctivits, fever

66
Q

describe rash in measles & the course

A

rash starts behind ears then to whole body then discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy & confluent

67
Q

infection there child has Parotitis

A

mumps

68
Q

symptoms of parotitis

A

ear ache, pain on eating

69
Q

describe rash in rubella

A

pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by day 3-5

70
Q

slapped cheek syndrome/5th disease caused by?

A

Parovirus B19

71
Q

cause of scarlet fever

A

Group A haemolytic streptococci

72
Q

describe rash in scarlet fever

A

fine punctate erythema, sparing around the mouth

73
Q

cause fo hand, foot & mouth disease

A

Coxsackie A16

74
Q

viral cause of Croup

A

Parainfluenza viruses

Paediatrics RIA (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions