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Paediatrics RIA > cough > Flashcards

cough Flashcards

1
Q

signs of effective coughing when choking

A
  • crying/verbal response
  • loud cough
  • able to take a breath before coughing
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2
Q

signs of ineffective coughing when choking

A
  • unable to vocalise
  • quiet/silent cough
  • cyanosis
  • unable to breathe
  • decreasing LoC
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3
Q

what should you do if the child in ineffectively coughing and reducing level of conscious, however, still conscious

A
  • 5 back blows

- 5 thrusts

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4
Q

management if child ineffectively coughing and is unconscious

A
  • open airways
  • 5 rescue breaths
  • CPR
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5
Q

most common inhaled bodies

A
  • nuts

- seeds

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6
Q

80% foreign body inhalation occurs when

A

children < 3 years

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7
Q

inhalation of what foreign body can cause oesophageal perforation

A
  • button batteries
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8
Q

most coughs are caused by what

A

upper respiratory viral infections

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9
Q

cause of barking cough

A

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

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10
Q

describe whooping cough

A

paroxysmal prolonged bouts of coughing, sometimes ending in a sharp intake of breath

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11
Q

4 causes of acute cough

A
  • viral resp infection
  • bronchiolitis
  • pneumonia
  • foreign body
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12
Q

4 causes of chronic cough

A
  • asthma
  • TB
  • pertusis
  • suppurative lung disease e.g CF
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13
Q

cause of stridor

A

narrowing of extra-thoracic airway; worse on inspiration which is when extra-thoracic airways naturally collapse

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14
Q

cause of wheeze

A

worse on expiration when the intra thoracic airways naturally collapse

caused by viral lower respiratory tract infection and asthma

due to narrowing of the tiny airways due to oedema and secretions

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15
Q

viral cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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16
Q

other name for croup

A

viral layngotracheobronchitis

17
Q

prodrome period of croup

A

coryza + fever; 2 days prior to cough

18
Q

peak season of croup

A

late autumn

19
Q

peak incidence of croup

A

6 months to 3 years

20
Q

signs and symptoms of croup

A
  • sea lion, barking like cough
  • stridor: due to laryngeal secretions and oedema
  • raised respiratory rate
  • respiratory distress: nasal flaring, tracheal tug, intercostal and subcostal recessions
  • hoarse voice
21
Q

when are croup symptoms worse

A

at night

22
Q

mild grading of croup

A
  • occasional barking cough
  • no audible stridor at rest
  • no/mild recessions
  • child is happy and prepared to eat and drink
23
Q

moderate severity of croup

A
  • frequent barking
  • easily audible stridor at rest
  • suprasternal and sternal wall recessions
  • little distress on agitation
  • child interested in surroundings
24
Q

severe croup

A
  • frequent barking
  • prominent inspiratory stridor at rest
  • marked sternal wall retractions
  • significant distress and agitation, lethargy, restlessness
  • tachycardia
  • hypoxaemia
25
Q

hospital admission for croup

A

children with moderate/severe illness or impending respiratory failure

26
Q

factors that lower the threshold for admission with croup

A
  • immunosuppression
  • age < 3 months
  • chronic liver disease
  • congenital heart disease
  • NM disorders
  • inadequate fluid intake
27
Q

emergency treatment of croup

A
  • Nebulised salbutamol

- high flow oxygen

28
Q

effect of nebulised salbutatmol

A

Constriction of blood vessels to reduce swelling and oedema, resulting in transient improvement

29
Q

how do most children recover from croup

A

improve spontaneously within 24 hours and have symptomatic treatment at home

duration of symptoms lasting around 3 days

30
Q

self care advice for a child with croup

A

paracetamol/ibuprofen to treat distressed rather than the actual fever and check regularly on the child throughout the night

31
Q

advice to take child to hospital if:

A
  • stridor heard
  • skin between breaths is pulling inwards
  • child is restless/agitated
  • pale/blue/grey
  • belly sinking in when breathing
  • flaring nostrils
  • tracheal tug

Paediatrics RIA (12 decks)

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