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Paediatrics RIA > Diarrhoea + vomiiting > Flashcards

Diarrhoea + vomiiting Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of Gastroenteritis in young children (3)

A
  • norovirus
  • salmonella
  • e coli
  • rotovirus
  • enterovirus
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2
Q

1st and 2nd most common causes of gastroenteritis in children

A

1) rotovirus

2) adenovirus

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3
Q

differentials for blood in stools with diarrhoea + vomitign

A
  • intussception
  • shigella
  • campylobacter
  • e coli
  • rotovirus
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4
Q

cause of haemolytic uremic syndrome

A

E coli

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children

A

Haemolytic uremic syndrome caused by E coli

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6
Q

toxin produced by e coli

A

shigella like toxin: verotoxin

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7
Q

symptoms caused by Shigella like toxin (5)

A
  • abdo pain
  • bloody diarrhoea
  • fever
  • seizures
  • lethargy
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8
Q

organisms that cause bloody diarrhoea

A
  • e coli
  • rotovirus
  • shigella
  • campylobacter
  • salmonella
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9
Q

what does the toxin from e coli cause in haemolytic uremic syndrome (3)

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • renal insufficiency
  • microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia (schistocytes)
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10
Q

treatment of thrombocytopenia

A
  • supportive
  • dialysis
  • no abx
  • plasmaphoresis/IVIG
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11
Q

projectile vomiting in a child under 2 months

A

pyloric stenosis

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12
Q

cause of bulging fontanelle (2)

A

raised ICP

  • hydrocephalus
  • meningitis
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13
Q

cause of faltering growth (3)

A
  • chronic GI disorder
  • GORD
  • coeliac disease
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14
Q

most common cause of food poisoning in UK

A

campylobacter

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15
Q

foods salmonella found in

A
  • undercooked meat
  • raw eggs
  • milk
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16
Q

chilled ready to eat foods

A

listeria

17
Q

management of mild dehydration

A

Fluid challenge with ORS (frequent and in small amounts)

18
Q

advisable breast feeding for infants

A

breast for 12 months followed by pausterised cows milk at 12 months

19
Q

calories/protein requirements for infants

A

0-6 months: 115 kcal/kg

6-12 months: 96 kcal/kg

20
Q

when should solid food be introduced, and what?

A

6 months

rice, pure fruit and veg

21
Q

foods to avoid in first 6 months

A
  • fish
  • eggs
  • wheat
22
Q

when can i attend nursery again

A

48 hours after your last episode of D or V

23
Q

management of mild dehydration from gastroenteritis

A

fluid challenge with ORS

and

5ml/kg after each watery stool

24
Q

which children are at an increased risk of dehydration

A
  • < 1 year olds
  • low birth weight infants
  • > 5 loose stools + 2 episodes of vomiting in previous 24 hours
  • malnourished children
25
Q

type of dehydration whereby water loss is greater than sodium loss

A

hypernatreamic

26
Q

clinical features of hypernatraemic dehydration

A
  • jittery movements
  • increased muscle tone
  • hyperreflexia
  • convulsions
  • drowsiness
27
Q

peak age for intussception

A

3 months to 2 years

28
Q

type of pain in intussception

A

paroxysmal, severe, colicky pain; child draws legs up in the episodes

29
Q

pathophysiology in intussception

A

invagination of proximal bowel into distal segment commonly involving invagination of ileum into caecum through ileocaecal valve

30
Q

stool feature in intussception

A

red currant jelly

31
Q

signs of dehydration in infants

A
  • sunken fontanelle
  • decreased level of consciousness
  • reduced skin turgor
  • oliguria
  • sudden weight loss
  • eyes sunken & tearless
32
Q

most common cause of food poisoning in UK

A

campylobacter

33
Q

IV fluid for child in shock

A

Fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg of 0.9% saline

34
Q

peak incidence of intussception

A

3 months to 2 years of age

35
Q

red currant jelly stool containing blood & mucus

A

intussception

36
Q

pathophysiology of intussception

A

invagination of proximal bowel into a distal segment of ileum into caecum through ileocaecal valve

Paediatrics RIA (12 decks)

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