Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics RIA > Abdominal pain > Flashcards

Abdominal pain Flashcards

1
Q

loose, frequent stools with blood and mucus, passing stools overnight, weight loss, family hx

A

IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what intolerance can last following an infectious gastroenteritis + how can it be managed

A

Lactose intolerance

Lactose exclusion diet for up to 6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can cause blood on the outside of a hard stool

A

constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Coeliac screen

A

IgA anti tissue transglutaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

protein biomarker present in faeces when intestinal inflammation present

A

Faecal Calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what investigation can be used in place of Barium studies

A
  • Small bowel MR enterography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

patchy inflammation/skip lesions

A

chrons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

continuous inflammation in large bowel

A

ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pattern seen in chrons

A

cobblestoning pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inflammation affects which layers in chrons and UC

A

chrons: transmural involvement

UC: limited to mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

trx coeliac disease

A

lifelong gluten free diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms/features coeliac disease (7)

A
  • abdo pain
  • faltering growth
  • iron deficiency (microcytic anaemia)
  • stool: freq, bulky, pale
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • pallor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cause of Haemolytic uremic syndrome

A

E coli 0169

commonly from poorly processed meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is bacillus cereus found

A

reheated rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

features of HUS

A
  • diarrhoea becomes bloody
  • thromocytopenia
  • anaemia
  • haematuria
  • Creatine levels raise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protein low in pancreatic involvement of CF

A

faecal elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inflammatory causes of abdominal pain

A
  • gastroenteritis
  • UTI
  • Hepatitis
  • IBD
  • appendicitis
  • pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is intussception

A

when a segment of the intestine invaginates into adjoining intestinal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

risk factors to ask about in a history of abdominal pain

A
  • history of recent foreign travel
  • infectious contact
  • contacts with similar symptoms
  • eaten foods out of ordinary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is recurrent abdo pain defined as

A

at least 1 episode per month for at least 3 consecutive months, which is severe enough to interfere with routine functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vomiting red flags

A
  • haematemesis
  • abdo tenderness/distension
  • blood in stools
  • bulging fontanelle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

presentation of proximal intestinal obstruction

A
  • billous vomiting
  • abdo pain
  • abdo distension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

risks of rapid weight loss

A
  • refeeding syndrome
  • hypoglycaemia
  • infection
  • cardiac arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

a metabolic disturbance associated with malnourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

causes of rapid weight loss in adolescents

A
  • coeliac disease
  • IBD
  • anorexia
  • malignancy
  • achalasia
  • addisons disease
  • juvenile arthritis
  • T1DM
  • hyperthyroidism
26
Q

investigations for rapid weight loss

A
  • phosphate
  • ECG
  • U+E
  • blood glucose
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • LFTs
  • CRP
  • TFT
  • coeliac screen
  • ESR
  • WCC
27
Q

DSM 5 criteria for anorexia nervosa

A
  • restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a sig low body weight
  • intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight
  • disturbance in the way in which ones body image is experienced
28
Q

physiological abnormalities of anorexia nervosa

A
  • low: oestrogen, testosterone, FSH, LH
  • raised: cortisol + GH
  • high cholesterol
  • hypercarotinaemia
  • impaired glucose tolerance
  • low T3
29
Q

3 main types of eating disorders

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia nervosa
  • EDNOS
30
Q

behavioural and psychological features of anorexia (4)

A
  • feeling fat
  • disturbed body image
  • wont eat in front of others
  • compulsive exercise
31
Q

clinical features of anorexia

A
  • low weight for height
  • amenorrhoea
  • headaches, dizziness, fainting
  • constipation
  • dry skin
  • cool peripheries
  • hair loss
  • hypotensive, tachycardia, hypothermia
  • peripheral oedema
  • enlarged salivary glands
32
Q

short term management for anorexia nervosa

A
  • physical stabilisation

- if < 75% weight to height ratio then start: thiamine, vit b complex, multivitamins

33
Q

medium term management of anorexia nervosa

A

MDT package in community

34
Q

long term management of anorexia nervosa

A
  • prevention

- BEAT charity

35
Q

how can CBT help those with anorexia

A

help to build self esteem, cope with social pressure, identify certain thought patterns

36
Q

complications of anorexia nervosa

A

starvation causing muscle loss including heart and diaphragm resulting in difficulty breathing and cardiac failure

GI tract - constipation, nausea, bloating

osteoporosis

brain atrophy

halitosis from repeated vomiting

37
Q

What is lanugo

A

soft hair covering body which develops as a response of loss of insulating effect of fat

38
Q

2 support organisations for anorexia nervosa

A

BEAT charity

FEAST

39
Q

what is a marker of refeeding syndrome

A

drop in phosphate level

40
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

when refeeding stimulates insulin secretion resulting in cells taking in K+ and Mg2+ and phosphate –> leaving low levels in serum –> cardiac arrhythmias + death

41
Q

what is bulimia

A

type of eating disorder characterised by episodes of binge eating, followed by intentional vomiting or other purgative behaviours

42
Q

name 4 purgative behaviours

A
  • laxatives
  • diuretics
  • exercising
  • vomiting
43
Q

durance of bulimia symptoms for diagnosis

A
  • at least once a week for 3 months
44
Q

side effects of repeated vomiting

A
  • eroded enamel
  • sialadenosis
  • halitosis
  • russel sign
  • mallory weiss tears
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte depletion
45
Q

long term effects of laxative use

A
  • loss of bowel motility
  • worsening constipation
  • rectal prolapse w/ slow healing
46
Q

4 surgical causes of abdominal pain

A

1) Testicular torsion
2) appendicitis
3) Bowel obstruction
4) Intussception

47
Q

not passing meconium within 48 hours of birth - possible causes (2)

A
  • Hirschsprung’s disease

- Cystic fibrosis

48
Q

what is 1st line laxative for chronic constipation?

A

movicol

49
Q

why does GORD occur in babies?

A

in babies their is immaturity of the lower oesopahgeal sphincter, allowing stomach contents to easily reflux

50
Q

metabolic disturbance seen in pyloric stenosis

A

hypocholoraemic, hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

51
Q

diagnostic invx for pyloric stenosis

A

albomdinal USS

52
Q

derm symptom in Coeliac disease

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis is an itchy blistering skin rash

53
Q

Endoscopy and intestinal biopsy findings in coeliac disease

A
  • villous atrophy

- crypt hypertrophy

54
Q

causes of intestinal obstruction

A
  • Intussception
  • Meconium ileus
  • Imperforate anus
  • Strangulated hernia
  • Oesophageal/duodenal atresia
55
Q

AXR finidngs in bowel obstruction

A

dilated loops of bowel

  • haustra indicate large bowel
  • valvulae conniventes indicate small bowel (complete circle around width of bowel)
56
Q

pathophysiology of Hirschprungs disaease?

A

absent nerve cells in the myenteric plexus (auerbach plexus) in the distal bowel & rectum

absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells

57
Q

3 conditions associated with Hirschprungs disease?

A

Downs syndsome

Neurofibromatosis

MEN Type 2

58
Q

presentation of hirscprungs disease

A
  • failure to pass meconium
  • chronic constipaton
  • abdominal distension & vomiitng
  • failure to thrive & poor weight gain
59
Q

typical presenting age of Intussception

A

6 months to 2 years

60
Q

3 differentials for appendicitis

A
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • ovarian cysts
  • Meckel’s diverticulum
61
Q

a cause of prolonged jaundice (lasting longer than 14 days)

A

Biliary atresia

62
Q

what is biliary atresia?

A

progressive destruction of the extrahepatic biliary system

Paediatrics RIA (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions