Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample > Psych II > Flashcards

Psych II Flashcards

1
Q

CTA vs MRA: CTA ?

A

Often used after questionable MRA findings

Also used in acute settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CTA vs MRA: own notes ?

A

facial droop , slurred speak, not orientated in time - stroke! CT brian is neg. and this is NL with acute stroke ( esp. hemorrhagic cause it is to early to see the blood light up)

BP is to high so not a TPA candidate

MRI and MRA or carotid and circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is better at detecting blood within 24-48 hours , CT or MRI ?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EEG results ?

A

Collection of fluid in an area will cause activity to be damped in that lead

Lesions in cerebral cortex will cause high-voltage abnormal waves

Generalized seizures- widespread electrical activity

Absence seizures- characteristic spike and wave pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a EMG ?

A

Electrode is placed in the skin to measure electrical activity if the skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EMG results: Polymyositis ?

A

Small, spontaneous wave forms caused by hyperirritability of the muscle

  • *muscle that is hyper-irritable
  • *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mitochondrial Tests are for ?

A

Mitochondrial Myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is ENG used ?

A

Differentiate between organic versus psychogenic vertigo

Differentiate between peripheral and central vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is NL about pineal gland and coccoid plexus ?

A

calcified pineal gland and coccoid plexus - this is NL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is EMG used ?

A

Can differentiate between primary muscular disorders and neurologic muscular weakness

Used in patients with muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EEG
 Brain Waves: Alpha waves abnormal with ?

A

alpha coma caused by destructive process in the pons, seen in pts with hypoxic brain injury (unresponsive)

Abnormal to see these in patients that are awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

General Guidelines: dementia ?

A

Non-con MR ( extend of dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EEG
 Brain Waves own notes ?

A

coma with prominent with T and D waves = again someone in a coma who has wakeful periods and stay in these waves ( eyes opening and we still see these waves then this is a worse prognosis cause the brains till thinks it is asleep )

Spindle coma!?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

but if i get headache alot ___________ then do a MRI - more chronic

A

over months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EMG results: ALS ?

A

Reduced muscle activity with spontaneous contractions; NL with stimulation

** ALS - problem with lateral nerve and they dont worse anymore , the muscle is fine just the signal is not getting to the muscle **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is better for acute problem, CT or MRI ?

A

CT evaluate for acute facial trauma , acute neurologic dysfunction, suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage

it is quick and easy and give you alot of info better then MRI ( superior to MRI in wrist 24 hours if blood is suspected)

make sure to do a Cr/ BUN before a CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is better for trauma CT or MRI ?

A

CT, rapid acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

General Guidelines: Headache, acute ?

A

non-con CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

EMG results: Muscle injury ?

A

Decreased electrical activity and amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Imaging the Head/Brain: midline ?

A

Middle of the brain should be in the middle of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Indications for Head CT ?

A 
Trauma
Acute Stroke
Suspected SAH or ICH
Headache
Sensory or motor loss
Sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

EEG
 Brain Waves: Alpha waves prominent with ?

A

Prominent with relaxation, disappear with attention ( this is normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

General Guidelines: Headache, chronic ?

A

MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the Tilt-table Test ?

A

Provokes vasopressor syncope

Induces orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CT brain is normally at wha angle ?
oblique **not straight across it is more of an oblique angle ** **slicing head at oblique angle and patient i standing **
26
When is a Tilt-table Test used to evaluate for ?
Tachyarrhythmias Overmedication for heart disease or HTN Hyper-reactive vagal activity Vasomotor instability -POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome ) **list headed alot or head racing when standing up **
27
CT contrindications and risks ?
pregnancy radiation to fetus
28
When is EEG used ?
Evaluating for epilepsy After trauma - see if there is brian activity Determine cerebral death in comatose pt Cerebral lesions localization **below a voltage for a certain amount of time then they can said that there is brain death **
29
What is the big star fish ?
suprasellar cistern and 4th ventricle
30
Imaging the Brain: what are you evaluating for ?
Evaluate the suprasellar cistern and the quadrigeminal plate cistern Evaluate the ventricles. Are they midline and symmetric? Can fill with blood or pus Can you see the “smile” and the pentagon? **expect to find the pineal gland and the coccoid plexus here in their view big one - starfish - super cellar cistern and 4th ventricle **
31
Evoked Potential Studies Results: Sensory ?
Spinal cord injury Peripheral nerve injury CVA
32
CT Angiogram (CTA) what is it ?
Problem solving technique, NOT a screening method EXCEPT for dissection or acute CVA where CT is negative.
33
Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (AChR Ab) what is it ?
Antibody test Binding vs. Blocking ABS Modulating ABS
34
What are Evoked Potential Studies ?
Similar to EEG Focus on changes that occur when brain is stimulated Doesn’t require any pt participation
35
Blood in the subdural space ? own notes ?
under the dura then it just seeps into the brain - diffuse bleeding that seeps out if it is not big enough to shift midline
36
What is ENG ?
Evaluate for nystagmus by measuring electrical changes around the eye Makes a recording of eye movement at rest, with head movement, and with stimuli The direction, velocity, and degree can be recorded Mosby’s pg. 584 **measure electrical changes around they eye to see of there is nystagmus ( hard to tell if it is horizontal or vertical ) but this can tell you what type og nystagmus the patient is having organic versus psychogenic vertigo **
37
Imaging the Head/Brain: midline - any shift represents ?
mass effect
38
Gomori stain uses ?
Muscle bx
39
General Guidelines: cancer ?
MR
40
CS#3 An 80 year old female is brought in by daughter for dizziness. She states that she feels completely off balance and cannot walk. On exam you note she has an abnormal finger-to-nose test (ataxia). What do you do?
CT scan is an old brain cause it is aptly and it is symmetrical all dark spaces get larger CT normal then call nureo, check Cr and order a CTA ( make sure vasculartur is okay with Cr)
41
EEG 
Brain Waves: Theta waves ?
Seen in sleep, slow waves Abnormal in awake adult
42
CS #2 A 12 year old boy was playing soccer and was struck in the side of the head by another boy’s knee. There was a brief LOC initially. Now is complaining of headache, nausea, and light sensitivity. What do you do?
get a non con CT - cause LOC, and sxs, photosensitive and N and he has pain lenticular shape - epidural - soft tissue swelling as well this is a brain window
43
Evoked Potential Studies Results: Auditory ?
Acoustic neuroma Auditory nerve damage Deafness
44
When do you want to pick CT ?
Best for sizing coils and treatment plans for AVMs No contrast in an acute setting unless looking for brain abscess or tumor Acute (within 48 hours)
45
The septum between the lateral ventricles should NOT deviate more than _ mm from midline
5 **lateral ventricle are a good place to start draw line down an they should be symmetric **
46
CS #1 A 2 year old fell off of the couch and hit his forehead on the hardwood floor. He has a small bruise there. Mother is concerned because he cried then he fell asleep. What do you ask?
no V and no LOC, fell off cough onto hardwood floor, no V and cried is good and no LOC is all good - injury is in the forehead ( best place, better thn back of head) 2 yo this is better REASSURE!! do not radiate this little kid!
47
Imaging the Head/Brain windows ?
different window C - bone window A and B - brain windows bone window is a better view of the bone “soft tissue edema outside the tissue” slide 29
48
CTA vs MRA: MRA ?
Easier to read Better contrast between tissues Intracranial vascular stenosis Aneurysms PTs who are NOT acutely ill if not emergent ( takes alot of time and requires patient coorporation)
49
Diverse group of disorders that result from abnl mitochondrial DNA ?
Mitochondrial Myopathies
50
General Guidelines: seizure ?
Non-con CT ( make sure no big area of edema or bleed causing the siezure)) THEN CT or MR with more for new onset siezure contrast
51
Caloric Study: Normal results ?
Cold water: nystagmus away from ear being irrigated Warm water: nystagmus toward the ear being irrigated **fast and a slow part of the nystagmus **
52
Electromyography aka ?
EMG
53
ABS MS own notes ?
Each is ther but the receptor are gone so the AP does not get generated less receptors to pick up Each and at first it works fine but with repetitive movement ( development of weakness occurs cause not enough receptor) talking and face starts to droop early they are fine but it gets worse thigh weakness - walking around fine and then all the sudden thigh weakness
54
What is a Penumbra ? own notes.
black area where the vessel has been occluded dead tissue is dead - never get it back penumbra - will potential die as well if you do not reverse the ischemic event ( catch it early enough) pic rt - ischemia to long and the brain died in that penumbraa area TIME IS BRAIN!!
55
CT Angiogram (CTA) own notes ?
carotid dissection, dissection of arterial aneurysm or posterior circulation stroke , - start with regular w/o CT brain to not miss something else and this is fine ( still vomitting) then check Cr and then run CTA problem solving technique dizzy, V and ataxia, no trauma, woke up 68 yo and feeling fine and then sudden got dizzy and things are spinning and now vomitting, not ficial drop, little unstable gait, little nystagmus horizontal - think stroke in the posterior ( vertigo and ataxia usually posterior issue)
56
Evoked Potential Studies: response and potentials ?
Visual-evoked responses Auditory brainstem-evoked potentials Somatosensory-evoked responses **i cant hear out of my left ear , nothing wrong physically and there is no tumor and they still can't tear so this test does not lie - they can tell if brain is responding to it or not used in babies to tell them if they can smell or hear or see good test cause no participation from the patient **
57
When are Evoked Potential Studies used ?
Evaluate specific areas of the brain cortex that are stimulated by the eyes, ears or sensory nerves Identify histrionic or malingering patients who complain of sensory deficits
58
sudden acute worse head ache of my life - sub arachnoid hemorrhage - first do a ?
non contract CT
59
General Guidelines: coma ?
Non-con CT
60
When is AChR Ab used ?
To diagnose MG
61
EEG 
Brain Waves: Delta waves ?
Slowest, largest amplitude Generated in deep meditation and dreamless sleep
62
EEG during the test ?
Supine position Allow pt to move every 5 minutes ( if they are awake - not continuously though) +/- photostimulation can trigger seizures or abnormal brain activity +/- hyperventilation can trigger seizures or abnormal brain activity +/- sleep Takes 45 min- 2 hrs
63
EEG 
Brain Waves: Beta waves ?
Small, observed in all age groups Irregular, occur with attention
64
Evoked Potential Studies Results, what is abnormal ?
Prolonged latency is abnormal
65
General Guidelines: Acute trauma ?
Non-con CT
66
ABS: MS - ____________________ cause myasthenia fatigue
Repeated movements
67
Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (AChR Ab) resources ?
Harrison’s Ch. 386 Mosby’s pg.22
68
ENG results ?
Different patterns of nystagmus correspond to various pathologies Will allow differentiation between central or peripheral cause.
69
Antibody tests: Myasthenia gravis - ___ combines with ____ at the NM junction
ACh AChRs ( receptors)
70
Mitochondrial Myopathies can mimic __ pr present with ___ dysfunction
Can mimic MG or present with CNS dysfunction * *this is a fuzzy area that mimic things like MS ( mitochondrial myopathies mimic disorders and they cause neurologic or muscular dysfunction) * *
71
What is a Caloric study ?
Irrigation of the EAC with hot or cold water induces nystagmus
72
ABS: MS - Antibodies destroy receptor sites for the ___
ACh
73
Blood in the epidural space ? own notes ?
blood in epidural space - dura is pushed down but the dura is attached still where the suture lines are but the blood pushed down the cerebrum in a symmetrical way nice lenticular space
74
Electronystagmography aka ?
ENG
75
EMG results: other ?
``` MD Guillan-Barre MG Nerve injury MS Diabetic neuropathy ```
76
Electroencephalography aka ?
EEG
77
what is an EEG ?
Graphic recording of the electrical activity of the brain
78
When do you want to pick MRI ?
Chronic or subacute Best for seeing AVMs Better for cancer more chronic problems
79
Caloric Study: Abnormal results ?
Labyrinth is diseased or CN VIII is not functioning then there will be no nystagmus induced
80
General Guidelines: stroke ?
Non-con CT ( make sure its not hemorrhagic) F/U MRA or CTA
81
Imaging the Brain :Symmetry ?
Compare left and right side Do they look alike? **the right side is smaller - in a accident and atrophy of the brian on one side **
82
Evoked Potential Studies Results: Visual ?
Demyelinating disease Optic nerve damage Occipital lobe tumor or CVA
83
Mitochondrial Myopathies Gomori stain shows ?
characteristic “ragged red fibers” - if you are looking for a mitochondrial myopothay
84
EEG pre-test ?
+/- medications Sometimes sleep time should be shortened No sedatives before the test No fasting No caffeine

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions