Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample > Infectious Disease #3 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease #3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you check for Helminth infections?

A

Stool sample - Ova & Parasites (O&P)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indications to run a O&P checking for Helminth?

A

Unrelenting diarrhea

Fever

Abdominal bloating

Blood in the stool

Ascaris (hookworm)

Cestoda (tapeworm)

Enterobius (pinworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ascaris is?

A

bookworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cestoda is?

A

tapeworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enterobius is?

A

pinworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interfering factors with stool sample from worms?

A
  1. Urine may inhibit growth
  2. recent barium studies (obscures parasites) - barium swallow or barium enema
  3. Drugs: Abs, bismuth ( pepto)- black tarry stool? make sure they are not taking pepto), mineral oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Procedure for stool sample collection?

A

Explain procedure to patient:

No urine or TP into bedpan or container

Instruct pt to defecate into clean container

Place small amount of stool into sterile collection cup

Rectal swab could also be used - it patient is unable or unwilling to give sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Post-procedure stool collection?

A

Use gloves and proper contact precautions when handling.

Send specimen promptly - so nothing dies off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stool sample collection results: labs?

A

Inform about which ova or parasite they found in the stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enterobius organism?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

*pin worm - who gets it? children - sucking there thumb after scratching their tush**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tape test is for what worm?

A

pin worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Procedure for tape test?

A

Place a strip of clear tape in the perianal area

Remove it in the am before rising

Press directly to the glass slide for examination

*put the tape on at night cause the female worms come out and lay eggs outside the rectum, you can do bx of colon and O&P for pin worm but this test is best **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schistosomiasis AKA?

A

“Bilharzia” or “Snail Fever”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schistosomiasis gold standard?

A

O&P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other tests can you do for Schistosomiasis that is not a GS?

A

Bx of rectum, colon, liver, bladder

Antigen tests in development (not in US)

ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schistosomiasis ELISA?

A

Schistosomal Ab

Requires eggs to mature to adults (6-8 wks) - because we need adult worms, we cant find the eggs

*big liver cysts full of worms
, vague abd pain and they get distended and bloated **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

eating what food can give you Trichinosis?

A

pork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What will a CBC show if there is a Trichinosis infection?

A

eosinophilia ( all worm infections really)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trichinosis test?

A

Trichinella-specific Ab titer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Trichinella-specific Ab titer and how long after infection is it detectable?

A

IgG (+) 12-60 days after infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What test gives a definitive diagnosis and is infrequently performed for Trichinosis infection?

A

Biopsy of muscle

*no bx of muscle first line**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What Trichinosis test allows typing of trichinella species?

A

Biopsy of muscle

  • typing of the trichinella ? then yes the answer is bx of muscle**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Amebiasis infection happen?

A

fecal to water and then little kids drinking out of hoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Two type of Entamoeba, which causes the issue and makes patients symptomatic?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gs for Amebiasis?

A

Stool for O&P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Other tests for Amebiasis that is not GS?

A

IgG Ab tests - unreliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Incubation period for Malaria?

A

7-30 days

28
Q

When do Malaria symptom attacks occur?

A

Attacks occur every second or third day

29
Q

Symptoms of Malaria classic attack?

A

Lasts 6-10 hours
Cold
Hot
Sweats

30
Q

Clinical Dx of Malaria?

A 
Travel within the last 12 months
Fever
Chills
Sweats
Pattern of malaria
31
Q

Labs for Malaria test for?

A

Anemia ( hemolytic anemia )

Renal failure

Hypoglycemia

Hyperbilirubinemia ( hemolysis)

Acid-base disturbances ( without renal failure)

32
Q

Malaria GS test?

A

Blood smear:

  1. Use giemsa stain
  2. Microscopic direct exam
    * you can actually see parasite in RBC**
33
Q

What stain does the blood smear for malaria use?

A

giemsa stain

34
Q

Test for antigen detection for Malaria?

A

Serum study - quick , like preg. test

Rapid Diagnostic Test - used more in the field , can use serum

Accuracy needs improvement

Cannot tell severity of disease

35
Q

Malaria antigen test disadvantage?

A

Cannot tell severity of disease

36
Q

PCR for Malaria, is it a serum or antigen study?

A

serum

37
Q

What malaria test is most useful in defining species of malarial parasite after dx of infection is made?

A

PCR

38
Q

What Malaria test uses parasite nucleic acids ?

A

PCR

39
Q

What Malaria tests measures past exposure?

A

ELISA
IFA

*good a measuring past exposure not acute exposure; past exposure might give you some immunity **

40
Q

Toxoplasmosis organism?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

41
Q

Toxoplasma gondii causes severe __________ symptoms and is part of the _____ diseases.

A

congenital

TORCH

  • Can cause severe sxs in immunocompromised patients**
42
Q

Indication to test for Toxoplasmosis?

A

r/o congenital infection in infants

Pregnant women (baseline)

HIV + patients (baseline)

Acute infection

43
Q

Toxoplasmosis GS?

A

IFA (indirect fluorescent antibody test)

44
Q

For the GS test for Toxoplasmosis IgM rises in about _ week and peaks - months.

A

rises about 1 week

peaks about 2-3 months

45
Q

For the GS test for Toxoplasmosis IgG rises in about _ week and peaks - months.

A

rises in 2 weeks

peaks about 2-3 months

*can be positive for 5 years**

46
Q

Issues with Toxoplasmosis testing?

A

Difficulty isolating in culture

False Positives

47
Q

What conditions can cause a false positive in a Toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis , LUPUS

Other autoimmune disease

48
Q

Indication for testing wound culture?

A

Signs of infection

Post-op pt with FUO (culture from incision?)

Spontaneous drainage from a wound

49
Q

Would culture: test should be done ______ abs tx.

A

before

50
Q

Wound Culture: what is started after the culture and sample collected?

A

Empiric abx

51
Q

Wound Culture: Preliminary results in about __ hours? Giving us what information about the infectious organism?

A

24

giving us gram stain and shape and configuration

gram - = pink
gram + = purple

52
Q

Wound Culture: Final report within __-__ hours

A

48-72 hours

53
Q

Based on the cell composition

gram-positive bugs have large peptidoglycan layer and thus are more ______ in color?

A

Blue

54
Q

Based on the cell composition

gram-negative bugs have smaller peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane and thus are more ____ in color?

A

Red

55
Q

Culture and Sensitivity final report?

A

susceptible versus resistant

The Abx sensitivities reported are MICs (minimal inhibitory conc.) The numerical portion of the MIC is specific for that Abx and does not represent a relationship between the potential efficacy of one Abx over another.

*the number do not matter to us, but what does matter is the greater than or less than signs**

56
Q

S <= (any number) means?

A

effective at lowest dilution tested

*it is sensitive to less than or equal to = best

Example: Ampicillin S <= 0.25. Interpretation:
This organism is susceptible to Ampicillin at the lowest dilution tested.
**

57
Q

R >= (any number) means?

A

Unlikely to be effective

  • R >= ..”it is the worst, not killing any bacteria at all**
58
Q

What is a product of cell metabolism?

A

Lactic acid

59
Q

What can cause lactic acidosis?

A

Circulatory insufficiency

Shock

Severe infxn

Bowel ischemia

Cardiac failure

seizures

60
Q

Lactic acid can be tested from what sample?

A

serum or CSF

61
Q

Indications to test lactic acid?

A

r/o lactic acidosis

Indicator of sepsis/septic shock

*good indicator of sepsis to septic shock : mesenteric / bowel ischemia **

62
Q

Normal values of lactic acid from venous blood?

A

5-20 mg/dL

0.6-2.2 mmol/L

63
Q

Normal values of lactic acid from arterial blood?

A

3-7 mg/dL

0.3-0.8 mmol/L

64
Q

What are some interfering factors of Lactic Acid?

A

Drugs (ASA, cyanide, ethanol)

Prolonged intense exercise

Clenching fists tightly for prolonged period with blood draw

65
Q

Lactic acid critical value?

A

> 4mmol/L

66
Q

When will lactic acid be elevated?

A

Shock

Sepsis

Tissue ischemia

CO poisoning ( hypoxia)

Uncontrolled DM - where the cells are starving

67
Q

What signifies necrotizing skin or deeper tissue infection?

A

soft tissue gas

  • Can be related to variable pathogens, Can also be seen in penetrating trauma**
  • Can be seen because of gas created by bacterial respiration ; by-product of bacteria in the skin**

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions