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Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample > HEENT pt. 2 > Flashcards

HEENT pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiopaque

A

describes density
prevents X-rays from passing through freely
Higher atomic numbers
white shadow

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2
Q

radiolucent

A

density
X-rays pass freely
small atomic numbers
dark shadow

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3
Q

mandibular series

A

PA view
lateral
towns
bilateral oblique

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4
Q

Panorex

A

one plane

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5
Q

PA view (posterior anterior)

A

entire mandible
symphysis is obscured by spine
condyles are superimposed against mastoid or occ. bones
BEAM SHOOTS POSTERIOR TO ANTERIOR

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6
Q

away from the film

A

less white

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7
Q

toward the film

A

more white

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8
Q

Towns view

A

bone overlap is common

used to evaluate condyles

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9
Q

Oblique views

A

mandibular groove best seen

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10
Q

waters view

A

occipitomental view

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11
Q

basal view

A

submentovertex view

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12
Q

considerations: 1st, 2nd, 3rd

A

1st: evaluate the adequacy if the films
2nd: trace all cortical margins and evaluate for discrepancy
3rd: if one fracture is present, look for more!
“ring bone rule”

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13
Q

if the condyles are injured or broken then what else could be?

A

symphysis

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14
Q

if the angle of the mandible is broken or injured then what else could be broken ?

A

contralateral body or condyle

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15
Q

Facial series

A

caldwell view - chin down
waters view - chin up
submental vertex (basal) - through sub mental area
lateral view - lateral

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16
Q

lines of dolan

A

if they are misaligned then it indicate a fracture
1 = base of orbit
2 = lateral part of orbit
3 = superior part of maxillary

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17
Q

what is the best view for imaging the nasal bones?

A

lateral

18
Q

Direct signs of facial fracture

A

nonanatomic linear lucency’s
cortical defect
bone fragments overlapping - more white
asymmetry of face

19
Q

Indirect signs of facial fracture

A

soft tissue swelling
periorbital or intracranial air
fluid in a sinus - fracture of orbit bone

20
Q

whats the most common fracture of the face?

A

nasal bone

21
Q

Computed Tomography

A

uses a computer to reconstruct cross-sectional imaging

22
Q

CT - IV contrast

A

enhances the density differences between lesions and surrounding parenchyma (tumor in the lung use contrast and abscess in throat)
Vascular anatomy

23
Q

CT - Oral/Rectal contrast

A

given to opacify bowel
LOOKING FOR A PIECE OF SHITTT!
stones will light up on their own w/o contrast so using contrast could hide them

24
Q

Ct is good for what parts of the afce?

A

sinuses and soft tissue

25
Q

Xray sinus

A

waters view

26
Q

Indications for CT of sinuses

A

persistent sinusitis
recurrent sinusitis
intraorbital or intracranial spread of infection

27
Q

Indications for CT of facial bones and mandible

A

complex facial fractures
trauma
benign films

28
Q

why is a CT the gold standard over an Xray for the face?

A

Xray miss a lot of facial fractures because of overlapping

29
Q

Le Fort I

A

floating palate

30
Q

Le Fort II

A

pyramidal

31
Q

Le Fort III

A

craniofacial dysfunction

32
Q

CT orbit is best seen when using?

A

CT (coronal view)

WithOUT contrast

33
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess location?

A

anterior to C3, >3mm (increased in crying children)

34
Q

Epiglottitis best seen with what view?

A

soft tissue lateral
(88-100% sensitive)
(96% specific)

35
Q

what is it called when the epiglottis looks swollen and enlarged?

A

thumb print sign

aryepiglottic folds are thickened and Vallecula is thickened

36
Q

Croup virus?

A

RSV

37
Q

Croup will show what on the Xray?

A

distended hypo pharynx and laryngeal vesicle
HAZINESS OR NARROWING OF SUBGLOTTIC SPACE
NARROWING TRACHEA = STEEPLE SIGN
(93& sensitive)
(92% specific)

38
Q

Narrowing of the airway (subglottic larynx)

A

Steeple Sign

39
Q

Indications for CT of soft tissue neck

A

W/ contrast: mass, swelling, adenopathy
W/O contrast: no helpful
W/ & W/O contrast: salivary stones / ducts

40
Q

what is the pre test for CT

A

creatinine if contrast is to be used cause the kidney does not like the contrast dye and can cause renal failure

41
Q

Peritonsilar abscess (seen with CT of the neck)

A

W/ contrast - pus that lies between the tonsillar capsule and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
(75% specific)
(100% sensitive)
rim enhancing fluid collection within an enlarged and inflamed tonsil

42
Q

what is the gold standard for visualizing a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

CT, W/ contrast
(90% sensitive)
fat planes obliterated
enhanced by ring

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample (36 decks)

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