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Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample > GU: stones and casts > Flashcards

GU: stones and casts Flashcards

1
Q

Acidic urine stones?

A

Xanthine
cystine
uric acid
calcium oxalate

tyrosine
leucine

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2
Q

alkaline urine stones ?

A

calcium phosphate
calcium carbonate
magnesium phosphate

ammonium urate

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3
Q

Uric acid stone description?

A

colorless to yellow/brown flat square

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4
Q

Calcium oxalate stone description?

A

octahedral

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5
Q

Cystine stone description?

A

hexagon

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6
Q

Tyrosine stone description?

A

sheaves of thin needles

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7
Q

Leucine stone description?

A

spheres with radial striations usually seen with tyrosine

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8
Q

Uric acid stone clinical implication?

A

gout

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9
Q

Calcium oxalate stone clinical implication?

A

calcium nephrolithiasis

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10
Q

Cystine stone clinical implication?

A

inborn error of amino acid metabolism

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11
Q

Tyrosine stone clinical implication?

A

liver disease

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12
Q

Leucine stone clinical implication?

A

liver disease

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13
Q

Calcium carbonate stone description?

A

dumbbell shaped

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14
Q

Calcium phosphate stone description?

A

rosettes

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15
Q

Ammonium Urate stone description?

A

thorny apple

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16
Q

Calcium carbonate stone clinical implication?

A

calcium stones

17
Q

Calcium phosphate stone clinical implication?

A

urinary stasis

chronic UTI

18
Q

Ammonium Urate stone clinical implication?

A

non-pathogenic benign

19
Q

Types of Renal Casts?

A 
hyaline 
rbc
wbc
epithelial
granular 
waxy
fatty
broad
20
Q

Hyaline cast description?

A

colorless, clear

21
Q

RBC cast description?

A

red cells in hyaline matrix

22
Q

WBC cast description?

A

neutrophils in hyaline matrix

23
Q

Epithelial cast description?

A

renal tubular epithelial cells in hyaline matrix

24
Q

Granular cast description?

A

opaque granules

25
Q

Waxy cast description?

A

absence of structures

appears broken off

26
Q

Fatty cast description?

A

fat globules

27
Q

Broad cast description?

A

Large in diameter

28
Q

Hyaline cast clinical implication?

A

made of mucoprotein

diabetic nephropathy

CRF

29
Q

RBC cast clinical implication?

A 
damage to glomerulus 
GNP
SLE nephritis
HTN
Renal inflammations
30
Q

WBC cast clinical implication?

A

infection
inflammation
pyelonephritis

31
Q

Epithelial cast clinical implication?

A

tubular necrosis

32
Q

Granular cast clinical implication?

A

degenerative cells inside
transplant rejections
Pyelo if WBCs
GNP if RBCs

33
Q

Waxy cast clinical implication?

A

renal insufficiency

renal failure

34
Q

Fatty cast clinical implication?

A

nephrotic syndrome

diabetic nephropathy

35
Q

Broad cast clinical implication?

A

obstruction
dilated tubules
renal insufficiency

Clinical Medicine LAB - Professor Sample (36 decks)

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