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Behavioral > Psych Final > Flashcards

Psych Final Flashcards

1
Q

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A

ROS: vocalizations and/or complex motor movements occur during REM sleep, REM w/o atonia is confirmed by PSG, disturbance not induced by a substance, common in older males, assoc w/ neurodegenerative dz’s
Features: action-filled violent dream
Tx: clonazepam (benzo), modified sleep environment

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2
Q

Nicotine Withdrawal

A

ROS: dysphoric mood, restlessness/anxiety, difficulties concentration, irritability/anger, increased appetite, decreased HR

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3
Q

Anti-androgens for Paraphilias

A

Depo-provera used to decrease testosterone levels and thus libido

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4
Q

Acamprostate

A

Mechanism: NMDA receptor antagonist that reduces craving for ETOH by decreasing uncomfortable feelings assoc w/ protracted abstinence
Use: helps prevent the “slip” from happening in the first place bc the person feels euthymic and doesn’t crave ETOH

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5
Q

Hallucination Persisting Perception Disorder

A

“Flashback” perceptual experiences long after LSD is metabolized
ROS: false perceptions of movement, intensification of color

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6
Q

Delirium Tremens

A

ROS: confusional state, severe and uncommon, seen after chronic use of heavy sedative (e.g. ETOH), assoc w/ high mortality rate

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7
Q

Sexual Masochism

A

Sexual arousal from receiving phychological/physical suffering

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8
Q

Narcolepsy

A

ROS: recurrent irresistible sleep occurring w/in the same day, at least 1 of - cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, characteristic PSG abnormalities
Time: several times per wk for >3mo

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9
Q

Cannabis

A

Most commonly used illegal substance, rarely causes hallucinations, shorter acting than LSD (2-4 hrs) unless ingested, assoc w/ “amotivational syndrome”

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10
Q

Nightmare Disorder

A

ROS: extremely dysphoric dreams that typically involve threats to survival, security or physical integrity
Characteristics: awakening in 2nd half of sleep (during REM), rapid alertness, dream content well remembered, good recall of awakening
Tx: if needed antidepressants to decrease REM

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11
Q

Delayed Ejaculation

A

Marked delay in, or absence of ejaculation

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12
Q

Sodium Oxybate

A

*aka Xyrem

Schedule III tx cataplexy and somnolence, available via restricted distribution system

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13
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A

ROS: multiple episodes of cessation of breathing per night caused by CNS dysregulation of breathing, no thoracic effort occurs
Tx: respiratory stimulants, nocturnal O2, etc.

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14
Q

Erectile Disorder

A

Problems maintaining or attaining an erection

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15
Q

Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder

A

ROS: repeated episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep w/ sleep walking or sleep terrors

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16
Q

Voyeurism

A

Sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting person either naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
*person must be @ least 18yo

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17
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

ROS: restriction of food that leads to being significantly underweight based on BMI < 18.5, intense fear of weight gain, body image disturbance
Subtypes: binge-eating/purging type, restricting type
Onset: usually in adolescence and have chronic course

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18
Q

CAGE ?s for ETOH

A

Cut back?
Annoyed with others?
Guilty about drinking?
Eye opener drink?

*>2 is suggestive of addiction

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19
Q

Periodic Limb Movements

A

ROS: repetitive muscle contractions during sleep, usually of lower limb, assoc w/ multiple sleep stage arousals, pt c/o daytime sleepiness but is UNAWARE of movements, confirm using PSG
Tx: anti-Parkinson’s drugs, benzos, anticonvulsants

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20
Q

Bath Salts

A

ROS: agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, CP, tachycardia, HTN, suidicality
*designer drug containing in part amphetamine-like chemicals

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21
Q

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A

ROS: excessive sleepiness despite sufficient sleep (@ least 7 hrs), avg sleep episode = 9.5 hrs, nml PSG
Time: >3mo
Tx: stimulants to promote wakefulness

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22
Q

Antidepressant tx for Paraphilias

A

SSRIs are used to reduce libido, control impulses and reduce obsessions

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23
Q

Restless Leg Syndrome

A

ROS: urgent o move legs in response to uncomfortable sensations that occur/worsen during inactivity, nocturnal worsening of sx’s, temp relief from discomfort by moving, pt is AWARE of sx’s
Tx: anti-Parkinson’s drugs to increase DA (also benzos, anticonvulsants, etc.)

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24
Q

Opioid Withdrawal

A

ROS: dysphoria, N/V/D, muscle aches, lacrimation and rhinorrhea, piloerectin, sweating, fever, yawning, pupillary dilation
*typically causes “flu-like” sx’s

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25
Q

Frotteurism

A

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person

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26
Q

Insomnia Disorder

A

ROS: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
Etiology: classical conditioning - bed gets assoc w/ wakefulness (due to poor sleep habits)
Time: >3mo

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27
Q

Aversion Therapy for Paraphilia

A

While engaging in or thinking about one’s paraphilia, an actual stimulus is applied to the pt
-or-
While fantasizing about one’s paraphilia, a pt imagines aversive consequences (“covert sensitization”)

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28
Q

Cannabis Withdrawal

A

*“agitation”
ROS: irritability and nervousness, dysphoric mood, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, HA, night sweats, stomach cramping, shakiness

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29
Q

Cannabis Intoxication

A

ROS: perceptual distortions, conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth

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30
Q

Naltrexone

A

Mechanism: opioid receptor blocker that reduces the pleasurable effects of ETOH
Use: helps person stop drinking after a few drinks when a “slip” occurs

31
Q

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A

Problems w/ ow libido

32
Q

Opioid Intoxication

A

ROS: intense rush followed by euphoria and drowsiness, dysphoria, miosis, unconscious, respiratory depression
*OD can be lethal from respiratory depression

33
Q

Pedophilia

A

Sexual arousal by prepubescent child (usually 13yo or younger)
*perpertrator must be @ least 16yo and 5 yrs older than the child

34
Q

PCP Intoxication

A

ROS: depersonalization, agitation/belligerence/confusion, impulsivity and unpredictability, nystagmus, hyperacusis, decreased responsiveness to pain, ataxia, muscle rigidity, sz, coma
*psychiatric emergency bc of violent and unpredictable behaviors

35
Q

Replacement Therapy

A

Usually 1-2 yrs

Benefits: oral administration, stable drug levels, less euphoria and less drowsiness

36
Q

Methamhetamine

A

Half life (t1/2) = 12 hrs, physical changes with meth including “meth mouth” and “meth face”

37
Q

Transvestism

A

Sexual arousal by cross-dressing

38
Q

Buproprion and Varenicline

A

Used to tx nicotine use disorder

39
Q

Masturbatory Reconditioning for Paraphilia

A

a. Directed masturbation phase - pt engages in approp fantasy while masturbating to orgasm
b. Satiation phase - during the post-oragsmic refractory period, pt masturbates to deviant fantasy w/o ability to orgasm

40
Q

Sedative Withdrawal

A

ROS: agitation, insomnia, anxiety, ANS hyperactivity (can be fatal), nausea/vomiting, hand tremor, transient hallucinations, sz
- formication: sensation of bugs crawling under skin (hallucination)

41
Q

Premature Ejaculation

A

Ejaculation occurring during partnered activities w/in about 1 min following vaginal penetration

42
Q

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A

ROS: difficulties w/ vaginal penetration or vluvovaginal/pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or penetration attempts
Tx: dilator devices to expand vaginal opening in conjunction w/ relaxation techniques

43
Q

Paraphilic “Disorder”

A
  • acts on urge w/ non-consenting person
  • acts on urge w/ consenting person and action causes significant distress/functional impairment
  • does NOT act on the urge but the urge causes significant distress/functional impairment
44
Q

Sedative Intoxication

A

ROS: sedation, sleepiness, decreased anxiety, disinhibition, impaired judgment, slurred speech, incoordination, stupor/coma, respiratory depression

45
Q

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

A

Problems w/ libido and/or physiological arousal

46
Q

Exhibitionism

A

Sexual arousal from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting stranger

47
Q

Narcolepsy Tx

A

Polytherapy (stimulant Modafinil for somnolence and antidepressants for cataplexy), monotherapy (Xyrem) for cataplexy and somnolence

48
Q

Major Stimulant Intoxicatoin

A

ROS: euphoria, grandiosity, psychomotor acceleration, paranoia and hallucinations, inc HR and BP, appetite loss and insomnia, mydriasis, sz

49
Q

Fetishism

A

Sexual arousal from nonliving objects or a highly-specific sexual focus on a non-genital body part

50
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

ROS: maladaptive pattern of substance use as manifested by >2 sx’s, if tolerance and withdrawal are the only 2 sx’s after approp use of rx drug then don’t dx SUD
Severity: based on # of sx’s out of 11
Time: 12mo

51
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Schedule III opioid drug

Addiction tx: available from dr’s office after approval by DEA, can be prescribed, administered or dispensed form clinic

52
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

ROS: recurrent binge eating, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior for binge (purging or non-purging), self-eval is unduly influence by body shape and weight, usually have nml body weight
Onset: begin in adolescence and chronic
Time: >1X per wk for 3mo

53
Q

Major Stimulant Withdrawal

A

ROS: dysphoric mood, fatigue and psychomotor slowing, hypersomnia w/ vivid unpleasant dreams, increased appetite
(Non-life threatening)

54
Q

Disulfiram

A

Mechanism: inhibits enzyme that breaks down acetaldehyde
ROS: after ETOH consumption, acetaldehyde accumulation causes toxic rxn (e.g. hangover) lasting 30-60 mins
*typically only given short-term if person is going into a high risk situation bc of toxicity

55
Q

MDMA

A

ROS: stimulant effect + mild hallucinogenic effects (perceptual alterations), common things look more interesting, empathogenesis, concern about neurotoxicity

56
Q

Cocaine

A

Half life (t1/2) = 30 min, cocaine use more freq than meth bc of the t1/2

57
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

ROS: binge eating, assoc w/ rapid eating, until uncomfortably full, when not hungry, alone due to shame about quantity, feeling guilty/depressed after binge, NO inappropriate compensatory behavior
Onset:
Time: @ least 1X/wk for 3mo
*assoc w/ obesity (BMI >30)

58
Q

Methadone

A

Schedule II opioid drug
Addiction tx: only available at an official federally regulated Opioid Tx Program, and cannot be prescribed, it can only be administered or dispensed

59
Q

Naltrexone

A

Abstinence-based therapy, long-acting opioid receptor blocker to block opioid effects if relapse occurs, tends to be unsuccessful

60
Q

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder

A

ROS: excessive sleepiness or insomnia resulting from mismatch btwn persons circadian pattern and the sleep-wake schedule required by the environment
Tx: setting of circadian clock (light vs. no light to turn on/off melatonin from pineal gland)

61
Q

Sexual Sadism

A

Sexual arousal from causing psychological/physical suffering of another person

62
Q

PCP Intoxication Treatments

A

Antipsychotics (benzos), reduced environmental stimulation, restraints may be needed
*no withdrawal syndrome

63
Q

Modafinil

A

Tx: Narcolepsy

Stimulant for somnolence

64
Q

Insomnia Treatment

A 
Stimulus control (make bet a cue for rapid-sleep onset), improving sleep hygiene methods
- benzos for short term use (but poor quality sleep), benzo-like drugs better bc fewer side-effects
65
Q

Naloxone

A

Tx overdose of opioid
Mechanism: short-acting opioid receptor antagonist
Use: for acute OD but NOT opioid addiction therapy

66
Q

Indicators of excessive thinness

A

Low BMI, amenorrhea, constipation, hypothermia, bradycardia/hypotension, hypercholesterolemia, anemia, leukopenia, low bone mineral density

67
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

ROS: marked incongruence btwn ones assigned gender and ones experienced gender
Onset: 2-4yo
Time: @ last 6mo
*2-5X more male-to-female

68
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea (OSAH)

A

ROS: multiple eps of breathing cessation/reduction occur per night due to upper airway obstruction (usually when soft tissue in back of throat collapses during sleep), duration of sleep maybe adequate but sleep is unrefreshing
Tx: CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
Dx: thoracic effort occurs on PSG

69
Q

Female Orgasmic Disorder

A

ROS: delay in, the inability to, or having low-intensity orgasms
Tx: strengthen pubococcygeal muscle to increase orgasm potential

70
Q

LSD

A

Most potent hallucinogen, lasts 8-132hrs
ROS: visual, poorly formed hallucinations, mydriasis
*no withdrawal syndrome

71
Q

Cocaine withdrawal

A

Atypical depression, pt is hungry and sleeps a lot

72
Q

Sleep Terorrs

A

ROS: abrupt arousal (usually w/ panicky scream), intense fear and ANS arousal, and unresponsiveness to comforting by others
Characteristics: occurs w/in first 1/3 of sleep (NREM), no dream imagery, amnesia of the episode

73
Q

Cocaine OD

A

ROS: hallucinations and paranoia (mydriasis and tachycardia are sx’s of intoxication)

74
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Can be prescribed by physician to tx opioid addiction/withdrawal
*methadone cannot be prescribed but has to be administered at a specific clinic

Behavioral (11 decks)

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