Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral > Insurance, etc. > Flashcards

Insurance, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Objectification/Dehumanizations

A

Using pt as teaching tool in teaching hospital in direct view of pt, discussing case w/ colleagues in listening range of pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allostatic Overload

A

The wear and tear on the body and brain caused by chronically increased allostasis
*McEwen, 1998

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Payment per patient (capitation)

A

Unit of payment = sum of pt’s tx (monthly or yearly)

  • pt registers w/ physician group
  • emphasis on primary care
  • fixed sum of $ per pt, regardless of # of services provided
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Age/Gender Effects

A

Be aware of gender differences in communication styles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transference

A

Relationship schemas

Beliefs, expectations, perceptions from the past informing the present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who pays most healthcare financing in the US?

A

Government (46%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hospital payment per episode of hospitalization

A

Unit of payment = diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)

  • single (bundling) of payment of all services for 1 pt for entire stay
  • lump sum depends on pt dx
  • started in 1983 for Medicare pt’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physician Impairment

A

75% of cases are drug/ETOH related, 20% involve mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fee-for-service

A

Unit of payment = procedure (inpt or output)

  • private insurance (UCR) gave way to payer determined fee schedules
  • Medicare (RBRVS) vary by geographic area
  • managed care PPOs: discounted fees
  • incentive for medical inflation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hospital payment per institution

A

Unit of payment = global budget

  • complete (bundling) of services: hospitals receive fixed budget per yr
  • staff =-model HMOs w/ integrated hospitals
  • some public sector hospitals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Healthcare in Canada

A

Single-payer model, Canada Health Act (1984) - comprehensive, accessible, portable, universal, publicly administered
*paid by “fee for service” and fees are negotiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Allostatic load types

A
  1. Repeated “hits” from multiple stressors (e.g. - child abuse @ same time every day, etc.)
  2. Lack of adaptation
  3. Prolonged response due to delayed shut down
  4. Inadequate response that leads to compensatory hyperactivity of other mediators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Countertransference

A

Physician’s relationship schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boundary Crossings

A

Deviation from therapeutic activity that is harmless, non-exploitative, possibly supportive of therapy, slippery slope to boundary violation
E.g. - hug, excessive personal disclosure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Healthcare in Japan

A

Social insurance which is mandated

  • large employers: mandated to operate their own plans
  • smaller firms: employees enrolled in gov-managed insurance
  • community-based insurance: self-employed and retirees known as “national health insurance” administered by municipal gov
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

A

Job loss, still have the right to continue under group coverage up to 18mo after, must continue to pay premium
*1985

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 parts of Medicare

A

A: hospitAl insurance
B: Basic medical Bills
C: (parts A + B) delivered by private Companies
D: rx Drugs (the “donut hole”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

UK Health System

A

National Health Service (NHS) - primary/secondary/tertiary care triangle structure, general practitioner (GP) as “gate-keeper” is essential component, “pay for performance” has increased GP incomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State Children’s Health Program (SCHIP)

A

Created in 1997 to provide fed funds to states for child health, Medicaid expansion, provides coverage to children @ or below 200% poverty level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cognitive impairment

A

Provide written instructions for memory impaired pt’s, determine pt competency to understand and comply with tx rec’s, refer for eval if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reporting Misconduct

A

AMA mandates that you must report in accordance w/ legal requirements in each state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Payment per episode of illness

A

Unit of payment = global surgical and other fees for an illness or episode

  • single (bundling) of payments for multiple services
  • shifts financial RISK from payer to provider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Affect (MSE)

A

The observable emotional state of the pt, short time scale (as opposed to mood which is longer)

24
Q

Preferred Provider Organization (PPOs)

A

PPO payer receives monthly premiums from subscribers and employers, pt req to select dr/hospital approved (“preferred”) by payer

25
Q

Race Effects

A

Understand how a long h/o racism in countries like US have led to racial disparities in tx and minority distrust of healthcare professionals

26
Q

2 Tier Capitation

A

Health plan must pay fee to referral service to register w/ the physician group your health plan then pays the physician by means of capitation

27
Q

Report to who?

A

Med student? Dean of med school
Resident? Residency director
Physician? Division/hospital chief
If conduct violates state licensing laws? Report to state licensing board
If conduct violates criminal statutes? Report to law enforcement

28
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A
  • performance and adaptive learning are optimal under moderate levels of stress
  • learning new/difficult tasks is optimal with low/moderate arousal levels
  • performance of well-learned tasks is optimal w/ moderate/high arousal levels
29
Q

Sexual Violations

A

Sexual contact or inapprop sexual behavior in the room w/ a pt, etc

30
Q

Pt Self-Determnination Act

A

Est that pt’s must be given written info about their health care decision making rights and the institutional policy on advanced directives
*1991

31
Q

MedicaiD

A

Is for the Destitute

  • public assistance program jointly administered by fed gov and states
  • eligible if “low income”, have young children, pregnant, or disabled
32
Q

EMTALA

A

All hospitals receiving fed payments must screen and stabilize ER pt’s, to prevent hospitals from dumping indigent pt’s
*1986

33
Q

Payment per time

A

Unit of payment = salary of physician

  • payment per # of hrs
  • staff model HMO
  • public sector physicians, community clinic staff
34
Q

Boundary Violations

A

Behavior that transgresses the limits of the professional relationship and has potential to cause harm
E.g. - should not treat self, loved ones, not accept gifts from pt’s, avoid relationships w/ pt or pt family, etc

35
Q

Hospital payment per diem

A

Unit of payment = daily costs of pt

  • single (bundling) of payment of services for 1 pt for 1 day
  • usually includes utilization reviews on behalf of insurer
36
Q

First-gen HMOs

A

Full-time salaried (“staff model”)

- vertical integration, consolidated model, salaried physicians, global budget hospitals

37
Q

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)

A

Authorized by ACA, bring together physician practices, labs, etc.; create budget targets

38
Q

Language and Cultural Differences

A

Enlist interpreters/translators, be receptive to cultural beliefs, explanations and prohibitions

39
Q

MedicarE

A

Is for the Elderly

  • Americans 65+ are eligible, covers spouse as well one they turn 65, also covers Americans w/ permanent disability
  • individuals pay into Social Security until age 65
40
Q

Pt’s Bill of Rights

A

Right to receive complete info, to refuse tx, and to know about hospital’s financial conflicts of interest
*1972

41
Q

Dysregulation of HPA axis

A

Abnml cortisol levels found in:

  • anxiety disorders (high levels)
  • depression (high levels)
  • PTSD (high and low levels)
  • h/o child abuse (high levels)
  • professional burnout (high levels)
42
Q

Healthcare in Germany

A 
Social insurance (Bismarck model), "Sickness Funds" which every citizen must join, 90% are mandatory and 10% are voluntary
- "Concerted Action" to control costs
43
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

Unwanted and repeated verbal or physical advances, derogatory statements or sexually explicit remarks, or sexually discriminatory comments made by someone in the workplace

44
Q

Sexual Impropriety

A

Performing intimate exam w/ no explanation, using the dr-pt relationship to solicit a date, discussing personal sexual experiences, prefs or fantasies

45
Q

Dispersed model (US health care)

A

Multiple access points (pt choice or dr referral), more fluid roles for providers, less distinction in hospital care, higher value on tertiary care

46
Q

ASEPTIC (for MSE)

A 
Appearance
Stream of mental activity
Emotion
Psych sx
Thought
Insight
Cognition
47
Q

Mental Health in physicians

A

Depression/anxiety elevated in medical students, suicide in physicians elevated compared to general public

48
Q

Cost of healthcare in US per capita?

A

$7000, 2X as much as other developed/rich countries

49
Q

Allostasis

A

Process of maintaining stability (homeostasis)

*Sterling and Eyer, 1988

50
Q

Hospital payment per procedure

A

Unit of payment = fee for a procedure

  • traditional model (Blue Cross)
  • (reasonable cost) formula
  • itemized bill for procedures and charges: heavy administrative costs
51
Q

Independent Practice Associations (IPAs)

A

Loose collection of private dr’s who work in their own practices, contracts w/ HMO on behalf of the dr’s
- receives capitation payment from HMO and pays through capitation or fee-for-service

52
Q

Capitation

A

Pt registers w/ physician group, fixed sum of $ per pt regardless of # of services provided

53
Q

Sensory Impairment

A

Be prepared to utilize sign language interpreter or written materials

54
Q

Protocol for conveying bad news to pt’s

A 
SPIKES:
Setting up interview
Perception of pt
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions/Empathy
Strategy/Summary
55
Q

Second-gen HMOs

A

Virtual integration, group model (prepaid group practice, contracts w/ IPAs), network model (mix of IPAs, home health agencies, pharmacies, etc.)

Behavioral (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions