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Behavioral > Psych Disorders > Flashcards

Psych Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Prion Dz

A

Time: rapidly progresses over several months, death w/in 1 yr

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2
Q

Microlissencephaly

A

Cause: Zika virus, targeting progenitor cells

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3
Q

Delirium

A

*aka Acute Confusional State, Acute Brain Syndrome, Encephalopathy
ROS: disturbance in awareness and attention; physiological cause, plus cognitive disturbance
Onset: sudden w/ sx that fluctuate
Time: usually resolves w/in 3-7 days

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4
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

1 or more core psychotic domain symptom

Time: active phase > 1 mo, but total disturbance LESS THAN 6 mo

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5
Q

Alzheimer’s Dementia

A

ROS: significant memory impairment + 1 other cognitive domain, most common type of dementia
Onset: gradual w/ steadily progressive decline
Early: memory, anomia
Middle: agnosias, mood changes
Late: global aphasia, motor dysfunction, death
*cortical atrophy

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6
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

ROS: actives phase of schizophrenia occur concurrently w/ MDE or manic episode
Time: active phase >2 wks w/o mood sx
Subtypes: BP type (if mania), or depressive type (if depression but no mania)

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7
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A

*Cluster B
ROS: pervasive disregard for others rights - unlawful acts, deceitfulness, aggressiveness, lack of remorse
Time: must be 18+ for dx w/ evidence of Conduct Disorder before age 15

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8
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster B
ROS: excessive emotionality - must be center of attention, exaggerated emotions, provocative behavior, rapidly shifting emotions

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9
Q

PTSD

A

Symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, negative cognition/mood, altered arousal/reactivity
Features: traumatic stressor exposure may include direct experience of event, witnessing or learning about event to close fam member/friend
Onset: usually w/ in 3mo of trauma
Time: lasts > 1mo

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10
Q

Focal Cortical Dysplasia

A

Abnml lamination and failure to mature or apoptosis fails, etc., elevated risk of intellectual disability and FDC-associated focal epilepsy
*cognitive deficits are present in FCD at group level but may vary individually

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11
Q

Pseudodementia

A

*aka Dementia Syndrome of Depression

ROS: MDD pt often show memory and other cognitive disturbances resembling dementia

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12
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A

Severe temper outbursts; sad/angry mood daily, rxn is disproportionate to sitch
Onset: pt must be @ least 6yo and sx must begin before age 10
Time: 3X per wk

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13
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

ROS: fakes/induces sx in absence of “external” reward, inconsistent PMH, histrionic presentation of HPI
Subtypes: on self, on others (by proxy)

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14
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster C
ROS: inferiority complex - avoids activities for fear of criticism, unwilling to start relationships unless certain of being liked, negative self image, DOES want relationships

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15
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

*aka Functional Neurological Syndrome
ROS: altered voluntary motor or sensory function, evidence of incompatibility btwn sx and neuro conditions
Time: sudden onset after traumatic stressor, short duration w/o recurrence

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16
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster B
ROS: grandios - sense of self-importance, preoccupied w/ success, require admiration, sense of entitlement, lacks empathy with haughty attitude

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17
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

ROS: preoccupation w/ having/acquiring a serious illness, no physical c/o but nonetheless worries about their health
Time: >6 months

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18
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster C
ROS: inflexible perfectionism and control - preoccupation w/ details, perfectionism interferes w/ task completion, rigid/stubborn, over conscientious, “type A” personality, hoarding

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19
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Unexpected/recurrent panic attacks (intense fear w/ somatic or cognitive symptoms)
Time: > 6 months w/ at least 1 month of panic attacks

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20
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

Experiences 1 or > MDE and no h/o mania/hypomania, must have 2 wks of 5 or > SIGECAPS sx’s (1 req to be depressed mood OR anhedonia)
Time: persists for 6-12 months
Subtypes: melancholic, atypical, psychotic, anxious, peripartum, seasonal

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21
Q

OCD

A 
Recurrent obsessions (intrusive thoughts/urges/images that increase distress), and compulsions (repetitive behaviors/mental acts that are performed to decrease distress)
Subtype: "absent insight"
Tx: SSRI, psychotherapy, deep brain stimulation
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22
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Persistent uncontrolled anxiety about multiple events

Time: > 6 months

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23
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

ROS: tachycardia, HTN, tachypnea, fever, extreme rigidity, delirium, death
Onset: w/in first 2 wks of starting med or increasing dose (of anti-psychotic dec DA levels)

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24
Q

Specific Learning Disability: w/ Reading Impairment

A

Thickening of left fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, rightward plenum temporale lateralization found to contribute to loss of integrity in reading networks

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25
Q

Hoarding

A

distress about discarding items, hoarding causes significant functional impairment
Subtype: “absent insight”

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26
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

ROS: 1 or more distressing/disruptive somatic symptom + abnml or excessive behaviors/thoughts/feelings in response to the distressing somatic sx
Time: > 6mo

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27
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

Exposure to traumatic stressor, PTSD-like symptoms that start an resolve w/in the first 30 days after trauma
Time: lasts 3 days to 1mo post-trauma (< 1 month)

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28
Q

Heterotopia

A

Misplaced gray matter lining lateral ventricles, 6 layers of cortex preserved in the heterotopic nodule so molecular signaling still there to form the 6 layers

29
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of enclosed or open spaces, must have to do with fear of humiliation or inability to escape the embarrassment
Time: > 6 months

30
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

1 core psychotic symptom (delusion/hallucination/disorganized speech), pt returns to full function
Time: LESS THAN 1 mo
Subtypes: w/ or w/o marked stressor

31
Q

Group I MCD

A

Malformations secondary to abnml neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis
E.g. - microcephaly, macrocephaly

32
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A

ROS: mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, anxiety, anhedonia, lethargy, appetite/sleep change
Time: present wk before and improve few days after menstruation
*Symptoms must cause significant distress

33
Q

Schizophrenia

A

2 or more psychotic domain symptoms and 1 must be core symptom (1, 2, or 3)
*prodromal phase, active phase, residual phase
Onset: typical is late teens, late is >40yo
Time: active phase > 1 mo, signs of disturbance (prodromal, active, residual) > 6 mo

34
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

A

Preoccupation w/ a perceived flaw in physical appearance (flaw is minimal/non-observable)
ROS: repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to appearance concerns, must cause functional impairment
Subtypes: “absent insight”, “muscle dysphoria”

35
Q

Huntington’s Dz

A

ROS: dementia dev AFTER choreathetosis and psych sx’s
Time: motor/psych precede dementia

36
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A
  • Either or both:
  • Depersonalization: experiences of unreality, detachment or being an outside observer w/ respect to ones thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions
  • Derealization: experiences of unreality or detachment w/ respect to surroundings (e.g. objects seem unreal/dreamlike)
  • Reality testing remains intact
37
Q

Delusional Disorder

A

ROS: presence of delusion “believed w/ certainty”; no other psychotic domain sx and no impairment in functioning aside from direct impact of delusion
Time: > 1 month
Subtypes: persecutory, grandiose, erotomanic, jealous, somatic (bizarre vs. non-bizarre content)

38
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

Emotional/behavioral symptoms due to any life stressor w/ acute onset (w/in 3 months), brief duration (lasts < 6 months)
Subtypes: w/ anxiety, w/ depressed mood, w/ misconduct
*stressor req for dx

39
Q

Bipolar I (manic-depression)

A

Manic episode: abnormally elevated mood w/ increased energy and at least 3 sx of DIG FAST (Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, 👆🏽Activity, 👇🏽Sleep need, Talkativeness)
Time: @ least 1 week of mania (usually lasts ~3mo)
*mania causes MARKED impairment in functioning

40
Q

Malingering

A

ROS: fakes/induces physical or psychological sx for “external” reward
Subtype: on self, on others (by proxy)

41
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A

Modest decline in @ least 1 cognitive domain; doesn’t interfere w/ independence

42
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

ROS: caused by multiple infarcts caused by CVD, HA/sz, focal neuro sx
Onset: sudden w/ STEPWISE progression

43
Q

SIGECAPS

A 
Sleep change
Interest loss
Guilt
Energy probs
Concentration probs
Appetite change
Psychomotor change
Suicidal ideation
44
Q

Lewy Body Dementia

A

ROS: fluctuating cognition and alertness, visual hallucinations, mild parkinsonism; REM-sleep disorder often prodromal sx
Time: dementia develops w/in 12mo of parkinsonian signs

45
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Disruption of identity w/ 2 or more distinct personality states (host and alter)
ROS: frequent memory gaps in host while and alter takes control, amnesia along w/ mistaken identity

46
Q

Excoriation Disorder

A

Recurrent skin picking, attempts to stop, not other disorder
ROS: significant distress/impairment, social avoidance, med complications
Time: >1 hour/day

47
Q

Predictors of good outcome in Schizophrenia pt

A

Older age of onset, rapid onset, positive sx, mood sx present, female pt

48
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster A
ROS: eccentric - social and interpersonal deficits, acute discomfort for close relationships, odd speech/thinking, paranormal beliefs, odd appearance, unusual perceptions

49
Q

Group III MCD

A

Malformations secondary to abnml postmigratinoal development

E.g. - polymicrogyria, focal cortical dysphasia

50
Q

Psychotic domain symptoms

A 
1 - delusions
2 - hallucinations
3 - disorganized speech
4 - disorganized behavior
5 - negative symptoms (abolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality)
51
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Recurrent hair pulling that usually occurs during sedentary activities
Tx: urge distraction (“finger toys”)

52
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

Even visually subtle MCDs may play an important etiological role

53
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Chronic depressed mood w/ 2 or more sx
ROS: poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomina, low energy, low self-esteem, trouble concentrating, hopelessness
Time: 2 or more yrs

54
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Excessive, persistent, disproportional fear of an object or situation
Time: > 6 months

55
Q

Bipolar II

A

At least 1 MDE w/ hypomanic episode (doesnt cause impaired functioning like mania does, mood change must be uncharacteristic)
ROS: depressive phase is most disruptive
Time: hypomania for >4 days

56
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

*anterograde can only be physiologic
ROS: problems encoding STM into LTM, in prominent anterograde amnesia - pt may “confabulation” when their memory fails, STM intact

57
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster C

ROS: excessive need to be cared for - indecisive, feels helpless alone, difficulty disagreeing,

58
Q

Gray and white matter blurring (GWB)

A

Strong relationship btwn GWB on MRI and decreased general cognitive abilities in FCD pt’s

59
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Memory loss for autobiographical info which doesn’t occur due to another disorder
ROS: if physiological there is anterograde amnesia, dissociative only has retrograde
Amnesia types: localized, selective, generalized
Subtypes: dissociative “fugue”
*psych amnesia pt’s CAN learn new info well

60
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A

Significant decline in @ least 1 cognitive domain; interferes w/ independence

61
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive, persistent and unrealistic fear of social situations involving possible scrutiny by others due to fear of negative evaluation
Time: > 6 months

62
Q

Parkinson’s Dz Dementia

A

Time: > 1 year after well-established parkinsonism

*subcortical

63
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

*psychogenic is always retrograde
ROS: problems retrieving LTM, intact STM, in short duration subtype - temporal gradient often characterizes the amnesia w/ recent LTMs more impaired than remote LTMs

64
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster A
ROS: interpersonal detachment - lack of desire for close relationships, prefer solitary activities, emotionless, coldness
*movie theater dude from SG

65
Q

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick’s Dz)

A

ROS: similar to AD w/ “frontal” sx’s; hypersexual behavior, disinhibition, personality change
Mechanism: frontal lobe atrophy and hypermetabolism

66
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Similar to BP1 but mood shifts are not as extreme (basically moderate BP1), pt experiences periods of hypomania that fluctuate w/ periods of depression
Time: > 2 years

67
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster A
ROS: distrust/suspiciousness, suspicion that others are being exploitative or deceptive
(paranoid thought is merely “suspected”)

68
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster B
ROS: instability - unstable relationships, uncontrolled anger, reactivity of mood, chronic emptiness feelings, unstable self-image, self-mutilation/SI, transient stress-related dissociative/paranoid sx

69
Q

Group II MCD

A

Malformations due to abnml neuronal migration

E.g. - heterotopias

Behavioral (11 decks)

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