Human Development Flashcards
Language 12 months?
One-word stage
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
ROS: child actively approaches and interacts w/ unfamiliar adults and exhibits @ least 2 of the following sx
- reduced/absent reticence in approaching unfamiliar adults
- overly familiar verbal or physical behavior
- reduced/absent checking back w/ adult caregiver after venturing away
- willingness to go off w/ an unfamiliar adult w/ minimal to no hesitation
- child has dev age of @ least 9 months
Advanced non-communicative speech (echolalia) @ 18mo?
Pervasive developmental disorder, cognitive deficits
Language 3-4 months?
Babbling
Cause of Death age 15-19?
- Unintentional injury
- Suicide
- Homicide
(Worldwide - 1. Injury, 2. HIV, 3. Suicide)
Elder abuse
Aggressive or invasive behavior/actions or threats inflicted on an older adult resulting in harmful effects of the individual
Insecurely attached (anxious avoidant)
Child avoids interaction w/ mother upon her return
*(comfort denied to child)
Palmar grasp reflex
Makes fist when touching something
Causes of Death < 1 year?
- Congenital malformations
- Preterm birth
- SIDS
BMI for children
Overweight: 85th to < 95th percentile
Obese: > or = to 95th percentile
Allopathic model
Physician, nurse, rehabilitationist
Parallel play
*symbolic
18mo-2yr
Social Contract Orientation
Actions guided by commonly agreed upon principles, as essential to public welfare
Cause of Death age 65+?
- Heart dz
- Cancer
- Chronic lower respiratory dz
Selective Mutism
ROS: failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking
Onset: typically before 5 yo
Time: @ least 1 month
Solitary play
*Sensorimotor
< 18mo
Intellectual Disability Severities
Mild - 2 SD below mean
Moderate - 3 SD below mean
Severe - 4 SD below mean
Profound - 5 SD below mean (untestable)
Physical Child Abuse
Males @ higher risk of major abuse, under 12 males @ higher risk, over 12 females have higher risk, low birth wt/premature, learning disability, emotional/physical health problem, language problems
Absent babbling @ 6mo?
Hearing deficit
Elder neglect
Failure of a responsible party to act so as to provide adequate and reasonable assistance to meet the older adult’s basic needs, resulting in harmful effects for the older adult
Language age 2-3 months?
Cooing
Anorexia Nervosa
ROS: intense anxiety and pathological misperceptions about one’ body image, starvation as means to change one’s body
Intellectual Disability
ROS: deficits in intellectual functions, and in adaptive functioning
Onset: during developmental period
*85% are mild severity cases
Absent smile @ 3mo?
Visual loss, attachment problems, maternal depression, child abuse/neglect
Chinese Model
Physician, shaman, herbalist, masseur
Insecurely attached (anxious resistant)
Child shows resistance when mother returns, may seek and then resist physical interaction
*(parental inconsistency)
Ataqua de Nervios
Culture: Latin America
ROS: uncontrollable shouting, crying, trembling, feeling of heat in chest rising to head, numbness, aggressive behavior, fainting
Progression: gradual build-up followed by acute onset of symptoms, then attack precipitated by stressful event
Persistent object mouthing @ 12mo?
Cognitive deficit
Stranger anxiety?
Appears @ 8-9mo
Conduct Disorder
ROS: repetitive/persistent pattern of behavior in which basic rights of others or major societal norms are violated
Onset: childhood - @ least 1 criterion prior to 10yo, adolescent - absence of criterion prior to 10yo
Time: @ least 3 sx in past 12mo w/ @ least 1 present in last 6mo
Rousseau
Innate moral sense
*active
BMI for Adults
Overweight: 25-29
Obese: 30+
Hernstein + Murray
Intelligence dictates differences
Kubler-Ross (Dying process)
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargain
- Depression
- Acceptance
Persistent fists @ 3mo?
Neuromotor deficits
Cause of Death age 25-44?
- Unintentional injury
- Cancer
- Heart dz
Specific Learning Disorder
ROS: difficulty learning and using academic skills for @ least 6 months despite targeted interventions
Onset: begin during school-age years but may not fully manifest until academic demands exceed capacity
Ethical Principle Orientation
Actions guided by self-chosen ethical principles, which usually value justice, dignity and equality
Screening for domestic violence?
*RADAR: Routinely screen Ask questions Document findings Assess safety Review and refer
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
ROS: pattern of angry/irritable, argumentative/defiant, or vindictiveness; @ least 4 sx exhibited during interaction w/ @ least 1 person who is not sibling
Time: @ least 6mo
Specifier: mild - 1 setting, moderate - @ least 2 settings, severe - 3 or > settings
Cooperative play
*associative or imaginary
3-4yrs
Erickson’ Stages of Psychosocial Development
“How Will Preschool Children Find Loving Caring Women”
- Hope
- Will
- Purpose
- Competence
- Fidelity
- Love
- Care
- Wisdom
Severity Levels for Autism Spectrum
Level 1: some support needed
Level 2: substantial support needed
Level 3: very substantial support needed
Sexual Abuse
Most vulnerable: 7-12yo, female, with stepfather, living w/o natural parents, mother frequently gone, parents w/ problems, perpetrator was childhood victim, h/o abuse within family
Reactive Attachment Disorder
ROS: consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally-withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by child rarely/minimally seeking comfort AND responding to comfort when distressed
Onset: prior to 5 yo and child has dev age of @ least 9 months
Cause of Death age 45-64?
- Cancer
- Heart dz
- Unintentional injury
Language 10 months?
Babbling, household language, jargon
Amok
Culture: Malaysia, Laos, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico
ROS: brooding, intense hyperactive/violent behavior, persecutory ideas, amnesia, exhaustion (usually men)
Separation Anxiety Disorder
ROS: dev inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures
Time: persistent lasting @ least 4 wks in children/adolescents and 6 months or > in adults
ADHD
ROS: persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes w/ functioning or dev
Onset: some sx occurring before age 12, sx present in 2 or > settings, impairment in functioning, not occurring exclusively during course of another mental disorder
Securely attached
Child seeks interactions w/ mother upon her return
Male suicide
4X more likely to DIE from suicide
Language 24 months?
Two-word telegraphic stage
Language 24+ months?
Language develops rapidly into complete sentences
Watson + Skinner
Human is malleable
Rooting Reflex
Touch baby’s cheek, it will turn its head to that side
Neglect
Mean age 6yo, equal for male/female, rates high in low income populations
Consequences: death, failure to thrive, socially withdrawn, aggression, low self esteem, interaction probs
Encopresis
ROS: repeated passage of feces into inapprop places involuntarily or intentionally
Onset: @ least 4yo
Time: 1X per month for @ least 3 months
Subtypes: w/ and w/o constipation and overflow
Susto
Culture: Mexico, Central and South America
ROS: follows unsettling event or disturbance of nature by the victim, appetite and sleep disturbances, listlessness, depression, lack of interest in self, sufferers believe that their soul has left their body
Piman Model
Shaman, herbalist, allopathic physician or nurse
Enuresis
ROS: repeated voiding of urine involuntarily or intentionally
Onset: @ least 5yo
Time: 2X per wk for @ least 3 consecutive months OR significant distress/impairment caused
Subtypes: nocturnal-only (most common), diurnal-only (urinary incontinence)
Koro
Culture: India, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Thailand
ROS: sudden/intense anxiety that the penis is shrinking and will recede into the abdomen and cause death
Separation anxiety?
Appears @ 6-9mo
Taijin Kyofusho
Culture: Japan
ROS: intense fear that one’s body displeases, embarrasses, or is offensive to others
Moro/Startle Reflex
If head moved quickly, extension of arms followed by fists
Curanderismo Model
Curandero(a), medium
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
ROS: recurrent behavioral outbursts representing failure to control aggressive impulses, manifested by either of the following
- verbal or physical aggression toward something 2X weekly for 3mo (no serious damage)
- 3 behavioral outbursts involving damage within a 12mo period and
Onset: @ least 6yo and persists for many years
Insecurely attached (disorganized)
Child exhibits confusion when mother returns. Child may avoid, resist, or be fearful of mother
*(abuse, parental depression)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
ROS: persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior
Onset: present in early developmental period
Female suicide
3X more likely to ATTEMPT suicide
Cause of Death age 1-4?
- Unintentional injury
- Congenital abnormalities
- Homicide
Failure to reach for objects @ 6mo?
Motor/visual/cognitive deficits
ADHD Subtypes
- Inattention, 2. Hyperactivity and Imuplsivity
- 6 or > sx (of each respectively) persisting for @ least 6 months to a degree inconsistent w/ dev level and negatively impacts social/academic activities
Psychological Maltreatment
Rejecting Degrading Terrorizing Isolating Corrupting Exploiting Denying emotional responsiveness Close confinement
Suckling Reflex
When roof of mouth is touched, it will suckle
John Locke
Newborn infants = blank slate
*passive, receptive
Cause of Death age 85+?
- Heart dz
- Cancer
- Stroke
