psych exam Flashcards
What do psychologists do?
Conduct research, promote physical and mental health, help people learn, work in the community, and contribute to the work environment.
What are the main types of psychology?
-Biological
-Cognitive
-Developmental
-Learning and memory
-Perception
-Personality
-Social
What does Biological psychology do?
studies the neural, hormonal and other physical factors that affect behavior.
What does cognitive psychology do?
studies how perception, thought, and interpretation affect behaviors and interactions with others.
What does developmental psychology do?
studies the mental and behavioral changes that occur over the life span of an individual.
What does learning and memory psychology do?
studies how new associations are made and how information are stored.
What does perception psychology do?
studies the use of the senses to gain information about the world and give it meaning.
What does social psychology do?
studies the ways in which human behavior is linked to culture and society.
What are 7 different contemporary approaches to psychology?
-The neurobiological approach
-The behavioral approach
-The psychodynamic approach
-The cognitive approach
-The evolutionary approach
-The humanistic approach
-The sociocultural approach
What does the neurobiological approach do?
studies the ways in which the brain, nervous system, and other body systems are involved in behavior.
What does the behavioral approach do?
studies one’s behavior and act towards certain things.
What does the psychodynamic approach do?
studies how the inner forces, conflicts, or instincts of the unconscious may affect behavior.
What does the cognitive approach do?
studies “higher processes”— such as thinking, intelligence, problem solving, reasoning, and creativity. Also how these thinking processes can be used to deal with problems or to develop a healthy personality.
What does the humanistic approach do?
asserts that we all have within us the potential to become fufilled and effective people.
What are the two methods of research that could be used to gather data?
-self reporting methods: surveys or interviews
-behavioral methods: requires the actual behavior or thought processes of a person be observed
What are the two ways data may be processed and analyzed?
-The correlational approach
-Graphs and statistical analysis
What are the ethical standards considered in research?
-Moral and ethical responsibility
-Harm avoidance
-Fairness and deception
-Confidentiality
-Animal research
What does the nervous system do?
processes information received from the body and outside environment. Afterwards it determines the bodies response to that info.
What does the endocrine system do?
houses and distributes hormones; various types of hormones for our body.
What does the PNS do?
contains the autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system. The PNS carries info between the organs of the body and the central nervous system.
What does the CNS do?
contains the brain and the spinal cord. Information from the peripheral nervous system is conveyed, coordinated, processed, and relayed back through the peripheral nervous system with a response.
What are the 7 neurotransmitters?
-acetycholine
-norephinephrine
-serotonin
-dopamine
-GABA(gamma-aminobytric acid)
-glutamate
-endorphin
What does the left hemisphere of the brain do?
-controls right side of body
-controls language, speech, and reading
-plans the day; keeps us on time
What does the right hemisphere do?
-controls left side of body
-identifies patterns; gets us back after a walk around the block
-controls artistic tendencies, holistic thinking abilities, and imagination
What are the parts of the hindbrain?
-brain stem
-medulla
-reticular activating system
-pons
-cerebellum
What does the brain stem do?
center for involuntary actions
What does the medulla do?
switching station to and from the spinal cord; monitors the body’s response to injury, blood pressure, and reflexes such as sneezing and laughing
What does the reticular activating system do?
watchdog for danger; involved in sleeping and wakefulness
What does the pons do?
relay station between cerebellum and cerebral cortex
What does the cerebellum do?
responsible for movement, balance, and posture
What are the parts of the midbrain?
top inch of brain stem
What does the top inch of brain stem do?
connects nerve signals; where pathways cross so one half of the brain controls the other half of the body.
What are the parts of the forebrain?
-limbic system
-hypothalamus
-thalamus
-cerebrum
What does the limbic system do?
controls emotional response; includes the amygdala and hippocampus
What does the hypothalamus do?
relays information from the body to the cerebral cortex; gets back information that it sends to other parts of the brain and spinal cord.
What does the cerebrum do?
it’s divided into two hemispheres, each with four lobes covered by cerebral cortex. It’s the outermost part of the brain
What does the frontal lobe control?
motor, creativity, emotional reactions
What does the parietal lobe control?
body senses, position, orientation, pressure, heat, cold, pain, reading, thinking
What does the temporal lobe control?
hearing, music, understanding speech, memory for nonverbal events
What does the thyroid glands do?
produce energy the body can use from nutrients
What does the parathyroid glands do?
controls the level of calcium in the blood
What does the pineal body do?
produce the hormone melatonin, which promotes the tanning of skin and plays a part in the sleep-wake cycle
What does the adrenal glands do?
Influences metabolism and physical characteristics, such as body shape and hariness; takes instruction from the nervous system, producing ephinephrine(adrenaline), in response to stress, fear, and anger
What are the two types of color blindness?
partial and total
What are the 3 types of deafness?
-nerve deafness: is damage caused in the inner ear
-conduction deafness: is damage caused in the middle ear
-stimulation deafness is caused to the outer ear
