Psych Exam #1// Lecture #3 Chp3 (Self-Knowledge & esteem)

Question 1

Self-concept

Answer 1

• 3 basic levels

* individual, relational, collective

Question 2

• individual:

Answer 2

traits, physical attributes, attitudes

Question 3

relational

Answer 3

roles in close relationships

Question 4

collective

Answer 4

• social identities, membership in groups

Question 5

Extended self

Answer 5

includes “everything a man can call his own” –e.g. house, family, etc.

Question 6

How do you know things are part of the self?

Answer 6

The emotional feeling of connection

“Self tag” exists as part of the brain’s association network – vision connects to ‘feeling of mine’ –

Question 7

Capgras Syndrome

Answer 7

when think everything that is “mine” has been replaced, because lost the connection between self tag feelings and visual cortex

Question 8

Self Schemas

Answer 8

–How you see yourself across time, the stable self across time- usually traits in U.S., differs across individuals

• • Most important self-descriptors
  * Most accessible, listed first
  * Much knowledge, well-articulated
  * **Guide attention; self as a lens through which the social world is viewed

Question 9

Working self

Answer 9

How you see yourself right now, result of one’s social situation

Question 10

distinctiveness postulate

Answer 10

we will define ourselves in ways that make us unique

Question 11

Self-complexity

Answer 11

how many distinct self-concepts you have in different situations.

Question 12

self-concept clarity

Answer 12

which is understanding how the parts of you fit together

strongly associated with emotional wellbeing, self-esteem, and strong relationships.

Question 13

Where does self-knowledge come from?

Answer 13

• Introspection (thinking about what you are like)
  
  • Others views of you (thought to be most powerful shaper of self knowledge –especially for development of self-knowledge in children AND for self-evaluation, even in adults)
  • Looking glass self: We view ourselves though others eyes, and thus judge ourselves based largely on how we believe others would judge us

Question 14

You can be high in both complexity and clarity, but it takes lots of thinking about how all of your self-aspects make sense together.

Answer 14

Requires self-understanding and knowledge.

Question 15

• Self-Esteem:

Answer 15

Self-evaluation, accessible attitudes about the self. Do you like yourself?

Question 16

Where does self esteem come from?

Answer 16

(1) Feedback from others –are we liked?
(2) Social comparison to assess our talents
(3) Social reflection of others outcomes

Question 17

• Williams’ the KKK won’t let me play

Answer 17

• Participants left out of a ball toss game (Cyberball) they thought was with others they liked or disliked. SE takes a hit automatically and immediately after rejection, but controlled processes mean recover differently after time for conscious processing

Question 18

Cyberbomb

Answer 18

–pits financial rationality (conscious, controlled) against belonging (automatic), and still reduces self-esteem immediately

Question 19

Self-evaluation Maintenance

Answer 19

how do close others influence our esteem (comparison vs reflection).
* determined by self-relevance of domain and closeness of other, if relevant we compare and want to be better than close other, if irrelevant we reflect and want close other to do well.

Question 20

The Password Game Study

Answer 20

who do we help?

SEM

Question 21

How do we maintain self-esteem?

Answer 21

Positive illusions

Question 22

Positive illusions

Answer 22

Memory biases, Judgment biases, Self-serving attributions, Unrealistic optimism, Illusions of control

Question 23

Memory biases

Answer 23

we recall good things about self with one exception - we remember past self as worse off

Question 24

Judgment biases

Answer 24

everyone is ‘above average’ we overestimate the uniqueness of our pos qualities and think our neg qualities are common

Question 25

Self-serving attributions

Answer 25

success is stable, failure is unstable

Question 26

Unrealistic optimism

Answer 26

The future is brighter for us than others

Question 27

Illusions of control

Answer 27

• We overestimate our control over events. The lottery study.