PSYCH DEV 5 & 6 Flashcards
How does preoperational thought differ from sensiorimotor intelligence and from concrete operational thought
Preoperational includes symbolic thought, like language, unlike sensorimotor, but doesnt include logic like concrete operational
What barries of logic are evident in preoperational children
Preoperational children are egocentric, more emotional than logical
According to Vygotsky, what should parents and other caregivers do to encourage childrens learning
Understand zone of proximal development, mentor kids and give them scaffolding
How does scaffolding relate to a childs zone of proximal development
Scaffolding allows the child to build on what they already know.
How can adults increase STEM education
Adults can include math and science in daily life. “that flower needs water and sun”
How does the development of theory of mind relate to Piaget and Vygotsky
Theory of mind is the ability to understand that people think differently from themselves. Piaget says that egocentrism makes theory of mind hard. Vygotsky says sociocultural learning is needed for theory of mind
Three aspects of exceutive function
Inhibition (restraint of impulses), working memory (for prior experiences), cognitive flexibility ( changing plans)
Relationship between executive function and learning in school
Children who have better executive function find school easier, can follow teachers instead of own impulses
What are the long term benefits of earl-childhood education
Benefits in academic achievement, graduation rate, employment, and health
In child-centered programs, what do the teachers do
The focus is on the development of each child, teachers work with individuals and small groups, develop creative expression, listening and talking skills
Advantages and disadvantages of teacher-directed preschools
Advantages: prepare children for formal education: teach letters, shapes, numbers, respect for adults
Disadvantages: loss of creativity and independence’
Who benefits the most from Head Start
Children with disabilities, limited education, those without other forms of preschool.
How might protective optimism lead to new skills and competencies?
Children are confident they can succeed, which helps them learn new skills without the anxiety and self-criticism.
Why is postponement of gratification an example of emotional regulation
The emotional impulse is to experience the joy immediately, so waiting for later joy is a form of impulse control
What did Erikson think was a characteristic of younger children
Initiative vs. guilt, children would try new things without much caution or reflection
