Psych 49,49, 50, 51 Flashcards
How do generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias differ?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) involves persistent worry about various aspects of life. Panic Disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Specific Phobias are intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
What is OCD?
It’s a mental health condition where people have recurring thoughts (obsessions) that make them feel anxious. To ease this anxiety, they do certain behaviors (compulsions) repeatedly. These behaviors can take up a lot of time and interfere with daily life.
What is PTSD?
It happens when someone goes through a traumatic event, like a serious accident, natural disaster, or violence. Afterward, they may have flashbacks, nightmares, or scary thoughts about the event. They might also feel anxious, irritable, or avoid things that remind them of the trauma.
What are somatic symptom and related disorders? simple answer
Somatic symptom and related disorders are conditions where people experience physical symptoms that can’t be fully explained by medical conditions. They might have pain, weakness, or other discomfort, but doctors can’t find a clear cause. These symptoms can cause a lot of distress and can lead to frequent doctor visits or medical tests.
How do conditioning, cognition, and biology contribute to the feelings and thoughts that mark anxiety-related disorders?
Conditioning: This means your brain learns to fear things. If something bad happens in a specific situation, your brain might start associating that situation with danger, making you anxious whenever you’re in it again.
Cognition: This is about your thoughts and beliefs. If you often think negative thoughts like “I can’t handle this” or “Something bad will happen,” it can make you feel more anxious.
Biology: This is about how your body works. Sometimes, your body’s natural reactions to stress, like feeling your heart race or sweating, can happen too easily or strongly, contributing to anxiety.
How do major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders differ?
So, while both disorders involve mood disturbances, bipolar disorder includes episodes of mania or hypomania, whereas major depressive disorder primarily involves depressive symptoms without episodes of elevated mood.
What patterns of perceiving, thinking, and feeling characterize schizophrenia?
Perceiving: Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that others don’t.
Thinking: Having confused or disorganized thoughts, and believing in things that aren’t true.
Feeling: Experiencing odd or inappropriate emotions, or feeling disconnected from reality.
How do chronic schizophrenia and acute schizophrenia differ?
chronic schizophrenia involves long-lasting symptoms that persist over time, while acute schizophrenia refers to sudden and intense episodes of symptoms that may be shorter in duration.
What brain abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia?
Enlarged Ventricles: The fluid-filled spaces in the brain, called ventricles, can be larger in people with schizophrenia.
Reduced Gray Matter: There might be less gray matter volume in certain brain regions, which could affect thinking and decision-making.
Dysfunctional Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers in the brain, like dopamine, may not work properly, leading to communication issues between brain cells.
What prenatal events are associated with increased risk of developing schizophrenia?
Maternal Stress: If a pregnant woman experiences significant stress or trauma, it may increase the likelihood of her child developing schizophrenia later in life.
Prenatal Infections: Certain infections during pregnancy, such as influenza or toxoplasmosis, have been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring.
Malnutrition: Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, especially lack of certain vitamins and minerals, might also raise the risk of schizophrenia in children.
How do genes influence schizophrenia? What factors may be early warning signs of schizophrenia in children?
genes can make someone more likely to develop schizophrenia, but it’s not guaranteed. And for children, early signs might include changes in behavior or unusual experiences, but it’s not a definite diagnosis.
What are dissociative disorders, and why are they controversial?
Dissociative disorders are mental health problems where people feel disconnected from themselves or their surroundings. They might forget things, feel like they’re not real, or even sense they have different identities. They’re controversial because some folks question if they’re diagnosed correctly or if they’re real conditions. Some are especially skeptical about dissociative identity disorder, which used to be called multiple personality disorder.
What are the three clusters of personality disorders? What behaviors and brain activity characterize antisocial personality disorder?
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Behavior (e.g., paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal personality disorders)
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior (e.g., antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic personality disorders)
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Behavior (e.g., avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorders)
Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is characterized by behaviors such as disregard for others’ feelings and rights, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy or remorse.
What are the three main eating disorders, and how do biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences make people more vulnerable to them?
The three main eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.
Biological factors like genetics, brain chemistry, and hormonal changes can contribute. Psychological factors such as low self-esteem, negative body image, and stress play a role. Social-cultural influences like media ideals, peer pressure, and cultural attitudes towards food and weight also make people more vulnerable.
