Psych 1101 Study 3,10,13,14

Question 1

Mode

Answer 1

most frequent occurring score

Question 2

mean

Answer 2

Arithmetic average of the scores

Question 3

median

Answer 3

Middle score in a distribution

Question 3

range

Answer 3

Difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Question 4

normal curve

Answer 4

Symmetrical, bell shaped
- most(68%) scores fall between one SD above and one SD below

Question 4

Standard deviation

Answer 4

assesses how much scores vary around the mean score

Question 5

statistical significance

Answer 5

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.

Question 6

behavior genetics

Answer 6

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Question 7

heredity

Answer 7

the genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 8

environment

Answer 8

every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Question 9

Chromosomes

Answer 9

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

Question 10

genes

Answer 10

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; small segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins.

Question 11

genome

Answer 11

A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA.

Question 12

Identical(monozygotic) twins

Answer 12

• share 100% of these genes
• develop from a single fertilized egg that splits.

Question 13

Fraternal(dizygotic) twins

Answer 13

• share 50% of these genes
• develop from two separate fertilized eggs.

Question 14

Heritability Statistic

Answer 14

Proportion of phenotypic (behavioral) variance that can be explained by genes

Question 15

molecular genetics

Answer 15

studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

Question 16

Developmental psychology

Answer 16

examines our physical, cognitive, and social development across the life span

Question 16

molecular behavior genetics

Answer 16

the study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior.

Question 17

Cross-sectional study

Answer 17

measure different age groups AT THE SAME TIME

Question 18

Longitudal study

Answer 18

follow the SAME people over time

Question 19

zygote

Answer 19

conception to 2 weeks

Question 20

embryo

Answer 20

2 weeks through 8 weeks

Question 21

fetus

Answer 21

9 weeks to birth

Question 22

teratogen

Answer 22

Environmental agent such as virus or chemical that causes a birth defect

Question 23

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 23

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking.

Question 24

habituation

Answer 24

a decrease in responding with repeated stimulation.
- As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

Question 25

maturation

Answer 25

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Question 26

cognition

Answer 26

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 27

schema

Answer 27

concepts or mental molds into which we pour our experiences

Question 28

assimilation

Answer 28

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

Question 29

accommodation

Answer 29

(1) in developmental psychology, adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. (2) in sensation and perception, the process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.

Question 30

sensorimotor stage

Answer 30

the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 31

object permanence

Answer 31

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
- Think covering a kids toy and the kid not knowing its still there

Question 32

preoperational stage

Answer 32

the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) at which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Question 33

conservation

Answer 33

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
- Same amount of liquid in 2 cups
- if one is higher then the other, kids will assume the higher one has more liquid.

Question 34

egocentrism

Answer 34

in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

Question 35

theory of mind

Answer 35

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

Question 36

stranger anxiety

Answer 36

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

Question 37

concrete operational stage

Answer 37

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) at which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 38

formal operational stage

Answer 38

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) at which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Question 39

attachment

Answer 39

an emotional tie with others; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to caregivers and showing distress on separation.

Question 40

self-concept

Answer 40

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”