psych ch 15 Flashcards
abnormal psychology
study of mental illness
maladaptive
behaviours that cause distress or risk of injury to oneself or others
medical model
sees psychological conditions through the same lens as western medicine tends to see physical conditions (sets of symptoms, outcomes and treatments aimed at changing physiological processes in order to alleviate symptoms)
psychosis
when one has difficulties deciphering between what is real and imagined
- Emil Kraepelin classified physiological disorders based on their log-term outcomes
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
a standardized manual to aid in the diagnosis of disorders
autism spectrum disorder
a developmental disorder associated with poor social skills and intellectual impairments
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a developmental disorder where children show inappropriate levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity with problems with attention
mental disorder defence
claims that the defendant was in such extreme state of mind when committing crime that they could not discern that the actions were legally or morally wrong
culture-bound syndromes
expressions of distress that are recognized across a given culture but tend not to appear outside of that culture
personality disorders
unusual patterns of behaviour that are maladaptive, distressing, and resistant to change
paranoid personality disorder (PPD)
individuals are consistently preoccupied by the belief that other people are attempting to harm them (react with anger)
schizoid personality disorder (SPD)
individuals are socially detached, don’t desire close relationships, including in a family, take no pleasure in most activities
schizotypal personality disorder
consists of both discomfort with close relationships and unsual thoughts and behaviours
borderline personality disorder (BPD)
intense extremes between positive ad negative emotions, unstable sense of self, impulsively, and bad social skills
narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
inflated sense of self-importance and need for attention and admiration, a big fear of abandonment and self-doubt
histrionic personality disorder (HPD)
excessive attention seeking and dramatic behaviour
antisocial personality disorder (APD)
profound lack of empathy or emotional connection with others
avoidant personality disorder (AvPD)
individuals avoid social interactions because they feel inadequate and are deeply afraid of being rejected
dependant personality disorder (DPD)
excessive need to be taken care of, requiring assurance from others and help with everyday decision making
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
where individuals are perfectionists and avoid spending money and are horters
dissociative disorder
a category of mental disorders by a split between a person’s conscious awareness and their feelings, cognitions, memory, and identity
dissociative identity disorder (DID) (multiple personality disorder)
where a person experiences a split in identity such that they feel different aspects of themselves as though they were separated from each other
generalized anxiety disorders (GAD)
involves frequently elevated levels of anxiety, generally from the normal challenges and stresses of everyday life
anxiety disorders
a category of disorders involving fear or nervousness that is excessive, irrational and maladaptive
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by occasional episodes of sudden, intense fear
panic attacks
brief moments of extreme anxiety that include a rush of physical activity paired with bad thoughts
agoraphobia
fear of having a panic attack in public, so one may avoid public settings or isolate themself
social anxiety disorder
strong fear of being judged by others or being embarrassed in public
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
unwanted and persistant thoughts/obsessions, repetitive, ritualistic behaviours
major depression
disorder marked by prolonged periods of sadness, hopelessness, social withdrawal
disthesis-stress model
interaction between a genetic predisposition for a disorder and life stress
bipolar disorder
extreme highs and lows in mood, motivation, and energy
schizophrenia
brain disease that causes experiences in significant breaks from reality, a lack of integration of thoughts and emotions, problems with attention and memory
prodromal phase
people become easily confused and have hard time organzing thoughts, lose interest from friends/family, lose normal motivations, spending time alone
active phase
people experience delusional thoughts, hallucinations, not normal thoughts and behaviours
residual phase
predominant symptoms have disappeared or lessened, they may be having trouble concentrating, and lack motivation
positive symptoms
the presence of maladaptive behaviours (confused or paranoid thinking, inappropriate emotional reactions)
negative symptoms
the absence of adaptive behaviour, lack of interacting with others in social and lack of motivation
hallucinations
alterations in ones perceptions (all five senses to something that does not exist outside ones mind)
delusions
beliefs that are not based on with reality
disorganized behaviours
the difficulty people with schizophrenia may have completing everyday tasks
paranoid schizophrenia
symptoms: delusional beliefs that one being followed or watched or belief that one has some sort of power or secret to make them special
disorganized schizophrenia
symptoms: thoughts, speech, behaviours that
catatonic schizophrenia
symptoms: episodes where one remains mute or immobile
neurodevelopmental hypothesis
suggests that the adult manifestation of what we call “schizophrenia” is the outgrowth of disrupted neurological development early in ones life
