psych ch 14 Flashcards
a set point
a hypothesized mechanism that serves to maintain body weight around physiologically programmed level
body mass index (BMI)
a statistic commonly used for estimating a healthy body weight given ones height
social resilience
the ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors
social contagion
the often subtle, unintentional spreading of a behaviour as as result of social interactions
appraisal
the cognitive act of assessing and evaluating the potential threat and demands of an event
stress
psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when perceived demands exceed existing resources to meet those demands
individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)
a range of emotional where individual is most likely to perform at their best
fight-or-flight response
a set physiological changes that occur in response to psychological or physical threats
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
a theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
a neural and endocrine curcuit that provides communication between the nervous system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal glands)
cortisol
a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prepares the body to respond to stressful circumstances
oxytocin
a hormone involved in reproduction, childbirth, and social bonding
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of this relationship between immune system and nervous system
coronary heart disease
a condition in which plaques form in the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood and oxygen, resulting in restricted blood flow
Type A personality
people who are impatient and worry about time, easily angered, competitive, motivated
Type B personality
people who are more laid-back and characterized by a patient, easygoing, and relaxed
coping
the processes used to manage demands, stress, and conflict
- problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping
positive psychology
uses scientific methods to study human strengths and potential
optimism
the tendency to have favourable, constructive view on situations and to expect positive outcomes
pessimism
the tendency to have negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes
pessimistic explanatory style
the tendency to interpret and explain negative events as internally based and as a constant, stable quality
negative affectivity
the tendency to respond to problems with a pattern of anxiety, anger, guilt, nervousness
resilience
the ability to effectively recover from illness or adversity
post-traumatic growth
the capacity to grow and experience long-term positive effects in response to negative events
meditation
any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state where one is highly focused, and in control
mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
a structured relaxtaion program based on elements of mindfulness meditation
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
a protein in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and the formation of new synapses
learned helplessness
an acquired suppression of avoidance or escape behaviour in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances
compensatory control
psycholoigcal strategies people use to preserve a sense of no-random order when personal control is compromised
