psych ch 1

Question 1

Pseudoscience

Answer 1

an idea that is presented as science but does not actually have basic principles of scientific thinking or procedure.

Question 2

The Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 2

a way of explaining behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 3

The Scientific Method

Answer 3

a way of learning about the world through collecting observations, developing theories to explain them, and using the theories to male predictions.

Question 4

Psychology

Answer 4

the scientific study of behaviour, thought, and experience,and how they can be affected by physical, mental, social, and environmental factors

Question 5

Multiple perspectives of Psychology

Answer 5

biological, sociocultural, cognitive (thinking)

Question 6

falsifiable

Answer 6

precise enough to be proven false

Question 7

Empiricism

Answer 7

the philosophical tenet that knowledge comes through experience - knowledge about the world is based on careful observation

Question 8

Determinism

Answer 8

the belief that all events are governed by lawful, cause and effect relationships.

Question 9

Galen’s Four Temperaments

Answer 9

Sanguine (blood), a tendency to be impulsive, pleasure-seeking, and charismatic

Choleric (yellow bile) - a tendency to be ambitious, energetic, and aggressive

Melancholic (black bile) - a tendency to be independent, perfectionist, and introverted

Phlegmatic (phlegm) - a tendency to be quiet, relaxed, and content with life

Question 10

Zeitgeist

Answer 10

a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history

Question 11

Dualism

Answer 11

the idea that there are properties of humans that are not material (there is a mind or soul separate from the body)

Question 12

Materialism

Answer 12

the belief that humans are composed exclusively of physical matter

Question 13

Psychophysics

Answer 13

the field of study that explores how physical energy such as light and sound and their intensity relate to psychological experience

Question 14

Clinical psychology

Answer 14

the field of psychology that concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 15

Localization of brain function

Answer 15

the idea that certain parts of the brain control specific mental abilities and personality characteristics

Question 16

Psychoanalysis

Answer 16

a psychological approach that attempts to explain how behaviour and personality are influenced by the unconscious process

Question 17

Nature and nurture relationships

Answer 17

the inquiry into how heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) influence behaviour and mental processes.

Question 18

Structuralism

Answer 18

an attempt to analyse conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements, and to understand how these elements work

Question 19

Functionalism

Answer 19

the study of the purpose and function of behaviour and conscious experience

Question 20

Behaviorism

Answer 20

an approach that had a singular focus on studying only observable behaviour, with little to no reference to mental events or instincts as possible influences on behaviour

Question 21

Social psychology

Answer 21

the study of the influence of other people in our behaviour

Question 22

Personality psychology

Answer 22

the study of how different personality characteristics can influence how we think and act

Question 23

Gestalt psychology

Answer 23

an approach emphasizing that psychologists need to focus on the whole perception and experience rather than its parts.

Question 24

Cognitive psychology

Answer 24

a modern psychological perspective that focuses on processes such as memory, thinking and language.

Question 25

Cognitive neuroscience:

Answer 25

understanding the neural mechanisms for cognitive behaviours such as memory, emotion, and decision making.

Question 26

Humanistic psychology

Answer 26

focuses on the unique aspects of each individual human, each person’s freedom to act, their rational thought, and the belief that humans are fundamentally different from other animals