psych - amboss Flashcards
most common mri finding in schizophrenia
enlarged cerebral ventricles and decrease cortical volume
mechanism of DTs
alcohol activates GABA and inhibits NMDA –> so withdrawl has decreased GABA and inc NMDA
first line smoking cess
verenicline –> decrease oositive sx and prevents withdrawl
bruxism
teeth grinding or jaw clutching as seen in drug use
drug of abuse associated with hyponatremia?
ecstasy
first line pharm for bullemia
fluoxetine
timeline for GAD?
> 6 mo
can you see somatic symptoms in GAD?
yes
muscle tension, neasuea, restlessness, etc
russels sign
calluses on fingers from contact with incissors in bullemia
cardiac effects in bullemia?
hypokalemia –> arrythmias
hallucinations in a patients with treated parkinsons?
medication effect of too much D2 activation
most common effects of L-dopa= visual hallucinations
-also: insomnia, aggression, anxiety
fluphenazine impact on hypothalamic regulation may cause….
hyper or hypothermia
timeline for conduct disorder?
> 12 months
diagnosis of adjustment disorder
emotions/ behavior within 3 mo of STRESSOR
- emotions are DISPROPORTIONATE to the stressor
- emtions INTERFERE with functioning
- sx resolve within 6 months of removal of stressor
“maladaptive emotional/behavioral response to a stressor that lasts <6mo”
define prolonged QRS
> 100ms
long term treatment for panic d/o?
SSRI
timeline for treatment of MDD
1 ep= 6 months
more than 1 ep= 2 years
lithium in MDD?
yes, combine with SSRI in suicidal patient
how to differentiate delusions in mdd vs schizoaffective
in MDD or bipolar, delusions are MOOD CONGRUENT
in schizoaffective, deluisions are MOOD INCONGRUENT
briefly outline criteria for diagnosing PTSD
a= traumatic event b= intrusive thoguhts c= avoidance behavior d= negatively afected mood e= altered reactivity
second line OCD
clomipramine
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
bipolar for kids
> 3 tantrums/week for over 12 months with persistent bad mood between episodes
name two non rem sleep arousal disorders
sleep walking
night terrors (differentiate from nightmare disorder which is REM assoc bc you rememebr dreams)
OSA is a risk factor for both
compare and contrast naloxone vs naltrexone
naloxone (No-Lax-Zone)= competetive agonist with onset of action 2-3 mins, use for acute OD
naltrexone- onset 1-2 hours, but last 24-48 hours so used during withdrawal in acute detox
major difference between illusions and hallucinations
hallucinations happen in the ABSENCE of external stimuli
mature defense mechanisms
SASHA
Suppression- goal oriented
Anticipation- goal oriented
Sublimation-doing well on a test to spite haters
Humor
Altruism-giving money to homeless to fulfill guilt
reaction formation
transforming an unacceptable impulse into it’s polar opposite
displacement vs projection
Displacement (neurotic)= taking anger out on someone who’s innocent. Ie- chris holley being a jerk to me after Dr. Mitchell was a jerk to him during a surgery
Projection (narcisisstic)=claiming YOUR bad thoughts to be someone else’s. Ie- thinking your partner is cheating on you when you are really thinking about cheating on them
identification
(immature) unconscious modeling of appearance of behavoir on someone elses
ie- abused child becoming the abuser
sense of closeness to others
MDMA
drugs: violent behavior
PCP
drugs: resp depression
etoh, opiods
drugs: tactile hallucinations
cocaine
drugs: increased libido
amphetamines
drugs: synesthesia
PCP
triggering smell when you taste something
characteristics of heron withdrawal
flu like symptoms
sympathetic overdrive
irritability
piloerection, cool, damp skin
sublimation
when you compensate for a bad desire by doing the opposite
think of “killing with kindess” as a form of sublimation
acting out
avoiding negative feelings by acting in inappropriate social manner
ie- not showing up
