Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Shelf exams > Medicine- Uworld > Flashcards

Medicine- Uworld Flashcards

1
Q

ATN vs AIN basics

A

ATN: hypotension, AGs –> BROWN muddy casts

AIN: drugs, abx (PCNs, cef, TMX) –> white blood cells, esopinophils, maculorpapular rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dense intramembranous deposits that stain + for C3 on renal bx

A

membranoproliferative glom –> persistent activation of alternative complement pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common kidney stone

A

calcium oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when is increased fluid intake approp in nephrolithiasis?

A

when stones are <5mm

  • inc urinary flow
  • dec urinary solute concentration to prevent further stone formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

plan for hyperkalemia

A

Shift K out of serum into cells –> insulin/ glucose, inhaled beta ag, NaHCO3

Stabilize cardiac membrane –> calcium carbonate

Removal from body –> diuresis, HD, cation exchange resins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal vein thrombosis

A

complication of nephrotic syndrome (loss of AT III)

most commonly seen in mebranous glomerular nephropathy

RVT p/w: acute hematuria, abdominal pain, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aspirin toxicity sx triad

A

fever, tachypnea, tinnitus

***mixed metabolic acidosis with resp alkalosis, expect to see a relatively nl pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

learn contraction alkalosis

A

loss of fluid, ie from vomiting, triggers RAAS, which kicks in aldosterone –> inc Na reabsorption at the expense of K/H.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic NSAID use can induce _________ anemia

A

Fe deficiecny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MEN1

A

1) Hyperparathyroid/ adenoma –> hypercalcemia
2) pancreatic islet cell neoplasia –> gastrinoma, VIPoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma
3) pituitary adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MEN 2A vs 3B

A

RET protooncogene
both have: medullary thyroid carcinoma + pheo

2A= parathyroid hyperplasia

2B= mucosal and gastrointestinal neuromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gastrinoma (ZES) diagnosis

A

fasting serum gastrin (off PPI one week)
<110 pg/ml= nl
>1000pg/ml= diagnostic

110-1000 –> secretin stimulation test. Secretin should inhibit normally functioning G cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crunching sound on auscultation following esophageal rupture

A

hamman’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sponteneous rupture of esophagus from vomiting

A

borehaav syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

offenders in pill induced esophagitis

A

KCl –> osmotic effect
NSAIDs
Bisphosphonates
Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

primary proph for esophageal varices in cirrhosis?

A

nonselective beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy

A
  • low Na, K
  • hypovolemia –> diarrhea, too much diuresis
  • nitrogen load –> ex GI bleed
  • drugs
  • TIPS
  • infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does hypokalemia induce hepatic enceph?

A

dec K –> inc intracellular H+ to maintain neutrality –> so tublar cells inc NH3 production via glutamine progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

most common bugs isolated in ascites? treatment?

A

GNR –> e coli, klebsiella
staph

tx with 3rd gen ceph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

symmetric circumfrential narrowing on barium swallow

A

esophageal stricture

  • -> progressive dysphagia to solids without weight loss
  • bx to ro adenocarcinoma

can be cause by sclerosis, irritants, reflux –> inflammation, or irritatnts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

longitudinal tears in mucosal lining near GE junction. Contrasted to esophageal perf that presents with vomiting….

A

mallory weiss
supportive care generally

borheave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

VHL associated cancers

A

renal cell
pheo
hemangioblastomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

two associations with PBC besides positive AMA antibody, hm, generalized pruritis are….

A

osetoporosis/ osteomalacia

hyperlipidemia –> xanthelasomas

24
Q

what is the charcot triad assoc with acute cholangitis?

reynolds pentad?

A

fever, jaundice, RUQ
+
hypotension, AMS

25
rotors syndrome shows bilirubin on urinalysis because it has a build up of _________ which is _________
CONJUGATED bili which is WATER SOLUBLE
26
d-xylose test
NOT broken down by pancreatic enzymes = normal absorpotion in pancreatic insuf ABSORBED by intestinal brush --> abnormal test in celiac disease
27
how do vagal manuevers help in AVNRT
they trigger parasympathetic tone which slows conduction at AV node an increase in AV node refractory period to restore rythm cold water (dive reflex), valsalva, carotid massage
28
with super high BP you generally want to decrease slowly except for in........
dissection! Decrease rapidly within 20 minutes. IV labetalol
29
first line for torsades
IV mag
30
first line for symptomatic brady or heart block
atropine
31
causes of pericarditis
``` Infx= most common iatrogenic connective tissue= RA, SLE Uremic = BUN>60 usu cardiac= dressler malignant= hodgkin, lung, breast, RADIATION ```
32
first line aortic dissection for BP
IV beta blocker, ie labetolol, to decrease BP as well as Hr and contractility **hydral can cause reflex tachy
33
Hyponatermia in CHF?
independent predictor of poor prog mech: low CO --> inc renin, ADH, norepi --> all lead to increased water retention --> hyponatremia
34
reversible causes of complete heart block
myocardial ischemia inc vagal tone --> pain, sleep metabolic --> hyperK AV nodal blocking agents --> bb, ccb
35
cause of aortic dissection before 40? after 60?
<40= marfans >60= HTN
36
becks triad
hypotension distended neck veins muffled heart sounds
37
medications to withhold before exercise stress test
beta blockers CCB nitrates ***anything that is antianginal
38
norepinephrine induced vasospasm
norepi has alpha 1 agonist properties --> vasoconstriction --> can see dusky cool fingers and toes in someone on pressors
39
how do you respond to PEA
pressors and CPR
40
how do you treat SIADH?
fluid restrict
41
what is gold standard for cor pulmonale diagnosis? And what is the def?
right heart cath showing RVH and PH
42
most common Superior sulcus tumor (pancoast tumor)
squamos cell and small cell of lung -can cause parasthesias of 4th, 5ht, medial arm, forearm
43
secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in someone with COPD
bleb rupture --> bleb is cause by chornic destruction of alveolar sacs --> creates "bleb" --> can rupture and allow air to flow into intrapleural space
44
digital clubbing with sudden onset joint arthropathy in wrists in smoker
COPD --> hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
45
signs of impending respiratory failure
decreased breath sounds absent wheeze change/dec mental status hypoxia and cyanosis
46
clinical findings in wegeners? | upper resp, lower resp, heme, renal, skin
UR: chronic sinusitis, saddle nose deformitry --> tracheal ulceration LR: cavitation, nodules heme: anemia of chronic dz renal: RPGN skin: livedo reticularis, nonhealing ulcers
47
lights criteria
fluid prot/serum prot >0.5 fluid LDH/serum LDH >0.6 fluid LDH >2/3 ULN
48
indications that a pleural effusion is "complicated"
low pH, low glucose (<60), high protein (>50kWBC)
49
most common cap bugs
strep legionella mycoplasma h flu?
50
what are CURB65 crit and what does it mean?
confusion BUN > 20 >65 yo *should be admitted to hospital for managment of PNA
51
type of shock seen in massive PE?
obstructive! increased right heart and pulm pressures with decrease wedge pressures
52
3 things that PROLONG survival in COPD?
1. supp O2 2. quit smoking 3. lung reduction surgery
53
type of lung process that has INC breath sounds and tactile fremitus
consolidation
54
t/f: afib is associated with PE?
true | irregular RR intervals with no p waves on EKG
55
vent settings for ARDS
low TV | high PEEP, FiO2
56
epigastric pain that radiates to interscapular region, relieved by CCB or sublingual nitroglycerin
diffuse esophageal spasm | dx with manometry --> intermittment peristalsis with simultaneous contractions -->"corkscrew"
57
stool pH in lactose intolerance
ACIDIC --> test with hydrogen breath test inc stool osmotic gap positive stool reduction test

Shelf exams (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions